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Density Heat Capacity Heat of Energies 2022, 15, 6356 190 4 of 20 Material (kg/m3) (J/kg-K) 2340 1160 1900 1510 880 2000 880 2000 Conductivity Temperature Fusion (kJ/kg) (W/m-K) (°C) 3.23 - - 1.24–1.56 - - Concrete Cement Block PCM RT21HC PCM RT28HC 0.2 21 0.2 28 250 Figure 3. Schematic of test samples (a) Baseline concrete or cement block (b) PCM RT28HC–RT28HC Figure 3. Schematic of test samples (a) Baseline concrete or cement block (b) PCM RT28HC– R(cT)2P8CHMC (RcT) P21CHMCR–TR2T12H1HC–CR(Td2)1HPCM(dR) PTC28MHRCT–2R8TH2C1H–RCT2(e1)HPCC(Me) PRCTM21HRTC2–1RHTC2–8RHTC2.8HC. Table 1 provides the thermophysical properties of the materials used for all the tests. The testing regime based on the temperature of the tank was divided into three categories: 1. High-temperature heating (HTH); temperature input > 40 ◦C; 2. Moderate-temperature heating (MTH); temperature range between 32 and 40 ◦C; 3. Low-temperature heating (LTH); temperature input < 32 ◦C. Table 1. Thermophysical properties of construction materials and PCMs. Material Concrete Cement Block PCM RT21HC PCM RT28HC Density (kg/m3 ) 2340 1900 880 880 Heat Thermal Capacity Conductivity (J/kg-K) (W/m-K) 1160 3.23 1510 1.24–1.56 2000 0.2 2000 0.2 Melting Temperature (◦ C) - - 21 28 Heat of Fusion (kJ/kg) - - 190 250 The test temperature conditions for HTH, MTH and LTH regimes were considered for South Asian climatic conditions such as those in Pakistan. Moreover, suitable PCMs based on their melting temperature, 28 ◦C and 21 ◦C, respectively, were chosen to carry out the experimental tests in different configurations, as described in Figure 3. The total number of configurations tested was 10, with 5 each for the concrete and cement block test samples. Figure 3a shows the baseline configuration for both the concrete and cement block samples, whereas Figure 3b–e shows different PCMs integrated with either concrete or cement block samples. The concrete, cement block and PCM panels used are shown in Figure 4. PCMs were encapsulated in an aluminum panel with 450 mm × 300 mm cross-section and thickness of 10 mm. Experimental tests were carried out for baseline cases of concrete- and cement- block-only samples, and a comparison was undertaken with different combinations of embedded PCMs in these construction materials. Figure 5 describes the temperature sensor locations and geometry details of samples used for different tank input temperatures.PDF Image | PCM-Integrated Building Construction
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