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Sustainability 2018, 10, 191 21 of 32 Sustainability 2018, 10, 191 Figure 14. Thermal properties of various PCMs [78]. Figure 14. Thermal properties of various PCMs [78]. 21 of 32 4.4. Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Plants 4.4. Thermal Energy Storage for Concentrated Solar Power Plants CSP systems use mirrors to concentrate sunlight from a large area to a small area, where it is CSP systems use mirrors to concentrate sunlight from a large area to a small area, where it is absorbed and converted to heat at high temperatures. The high temperature heat is then used to absorbedraivnedacpownvererbtleocdkt(ousuhaelalytasttehaimghtutrebminepceornantuecrtesd.tTohaneehleicgthrictaelmpopweerragtuenrerahtoera)tsimsitlahretno used to drive a power block (usually a steam turbine connected to an electrical power generator) similar to the power block of a conventional thermal power plant. A major advantage of CSP plants over solar photovoltaic power plants is that CSP plants may be coupled with conventional fuels and can utilize the power block of a conventional thermal power plant. A major advantage of CSP plants over solar TES to overcome the intermittency of solar energy. photovoltaic power plants is that CSP plants may be coupled with conventional fuels and can TES systems can collect energy during sunshine hours and store it in order to shift its delivery to utilize TES to overcome the intermittency of solar energy. a later time or to smooth out plant output during cloudy weather conditions. Hence, the operation of a TES systems can collect energy during sunshine hours and store it in order to shift its delivery solar thermal power plant can be extended beyond periods of no solar radiation without the need to burn fossil fuels. Energy storage not only reduces the mismatch between supply and demand but also to a later time or to smooth out plant output during cloudy weather conditions. Hence, the improves the performance and reliability of energy systems and plays an important role in conserving operation of a solar thermal power plant can be extended beyond periods of no solar radiation energy [79]. without the need to burn fossil fuels. Energy storage not only reduces the mismatch between Several TES technologies that have been implemented for CSP plants are mainly two-tank and supply and demand but also improves the performance and reliability of energy systems and plays single-tank systems. In a two-tank system, the fluid is stored in two tanks, one at a high temperature an important role in conserving energy [79]. and the other at a low temperature. Fluid from the low-temperature tank flows through the solar collector or receiver, where solar energy heats it to a high temperature and it then flows to the Several TES technologies that have been implemented for CSP plants are mainly two-tank and high-temperature tank for storage. Fluid from the high-temperature tank flows through a heat single-tank systems. In a two-tank system, the fluid is stored in two tanks, one at a high exchanger, where it generates steam for electricity production. The fluid exits the heat exchanger at a temperature and the other at a low temperature. Fluid from the low-temperature tank flows low temperature and returns to the low-temperature tank. These systems are called two-tank direct through the solar collector or receiver, where solar energy heats it to a high temperature and it then systems. An indirect system, on the other hand, uses different fluids for heat-transfer and storage. flows to the high-temperature tank for storage. Fluid from the high-temperature tank flows through An indirect system is used in plants in which the heat-transfer fluid is too expensive or not suited a heat exchanger, where it generates steam for electricity production. The fluid exits the heat exchanger at a low temperature and returns to the low-temperature tank. These systems are called two-tank direct systems. An indirect system, on the other hand, uses different fluids for heat-transfer and storage. An indirect system is used in plants in which the heat-transfer fluid is too expensive or not suited for use as the storage fluid. The storage fluid from the low-temperaturePDF Image | Comprehensive Review of Thermal Energy Storage
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