Silicon-Induced Mitigation of NaCl Stress in Barley

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Silicon-Induced Mitigation of NaCl Stress in Barley ( silicon-induced-mitigation-nacl-stress-barley )

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Plants 2022, 11, 2379 9 of 18 Plants 2022, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 9 of 18 FFigiguurere5.5.PPeaerasrosonncocorrerlealtaitoionnananalaylysissisoof fddififfefreernent tmmeaesausurerdedatattrtirbibuutetsesoof fbbaralrelyeyggenenootytyppeses(B(B10100088 and B14011) with non-enzymatic (A) and enzymatic (B) antioxidants modulated by application of and B14011) with non-enzymatic (A) and enzymatic (B) antioxidants modulated by application of silicon through rooting media under salinity stress. Asterisk (*) denotes significance of the silicon through rooting media under salinity stress. Asterisk (*) denotes significance of the interaction interaction at p ≤ 0.05. Color of circles corresponds, i.e., Red: highly positive; Purple: slightly at p ≤ 0.05. Color of circles corresponds, i.e., Red: highly positive; Purple: slightly positive; Green: positive; Green: highly negative; Brown: slightly negative. Circle intensity or size shows the highly negative; Brown: slightly negative. Circle intensity or size shows the strength of correlation: strength of correlation: stronger (Bigger) or weaker (Smaller). SL: shoot length; RL: root length; stronger (Bigger) or weaker (Smaller). SL: shoot length; RL: root length; SFW: shoot fresh weight; SFW: shoot fresh weight; RFW: root fresh weight; SDW: shoot dry weight; RDW: root dry weight; RFW: root fresh weight; SDW: shoot dry weight; RDW: root dry weight; LTSP: leaf total soluble LTSP: leaf total soluble protein; RTSP: root total soluble protein; LAA: leaf free amino acids; RAA: protein; RTSP: root total soluble protein; LAA: leaf free amino acids; RAA: root free amino acids; root free amino acids; LH2O2: leaf hydrogen peroxide; RH2O2: root hydrogen peroxide; LMDA: leaf LmHalOon:dlieaaldfehhyyddreo;geRnMpDerAo:xirdoeo;tRmHalOon:driaolodtehydreo;gLeTnGp:erleoaxfidteo;taLlMgDluAta:tlheiaofnme;alRoTnGdi:arldoeohtytdotea;l 22 22 RgMluDtaAth:ironoet;mLaGloSnHd:ialdeaefhyrdede;uLcTedG:gleluaftattohtiaolngel;utRatGhSioHn:e;rRooTtG:rerodoutcteodtagllgulutattahtihoinoen;e;LGSSHG::lelaeaff oxidized glutathione; RGSSG: root oxidized glutathione; LTPhen: leaf total phenolics; RTPhen: root reduced glutathione; RGSH: root reduced glutathione; LGSSG: leaf oxidized glutathione; RGSSG: total phenolics; LAsA: leaf ascorbic acid; RAsA: root ascorbic acid; Ltoco: leaf α-tocopherol; Rtoco: root oxidized glutathione; LTPhen: leaf total phenolics; RTPhen: root total phenolics; LAsA: leaf root α-tocopherol; LProl: leaf proline; Rprol: root proline; LSD: leaf superoxide dismutase; RSOD: ascorbic acid; RAsA: root ascorbic acid; Ltoco: leaf α-tocopherol; Rtoco: root α-tocopherol; LProl: root superoxide dismutase; LAPX: leaf ascorbate peroxidase; RAPX: root ascorbate peroxidase; leaf proline; Rprol: root proline; LSD: leaf superoxide dismutase; RSOD: root superoxide dismutase; LCAT: leaf catalase; RCAT: root catalase; LPOD: leaf peroxidase: RPOD: root peroxidase: LGR: leaf LAPX: leaf ascorbate peroxidase; RAPX: root ascorbate peroxidase; LCAT: leaf catalase; RCAT: root glutathione reductase; RGR: root glutathione reductase. catalase; LPOD: leaf peroxidase: RPOD: root peroxidase: LGR: leaf glutathione reductase; RGR: root glutathione reductase. 2.7. Correlations 2.7. CoTrhrelactoiornrselation analysis of morphological attributes, TSP, TFAA, H2O2, and MDA with non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants is presented in (Figure 5A,B). The data The correlation analysis of morphological attributes, TSP, TFAA, H2O2, and MDA with showed that there was a strong positive correlation among different morphological non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants is presented in (Figure 5A,B). The data showed attributes. However, leaf and root TFAA, leaf H2O2 and leaf MDA had a strong negative that there was a strong positive correlation among different morphological attributes. relationship with morphological growth attributes (p ≤ 0.05) (Figure 5A,B). However, leaf and root TFAA, leaf H2O2 and leaf MDA had a strong negative relationship Similarly, the relationship of leaf H2O2 and non-enzymatic antioxidants has a strong with morphological growth attributes (p ≤ 0.05) (Figure 5A,B). positive correlation with leaf GSSG, root tocopherol and leaf and root proline contents, Similarly, the relationship of leaf H2O2 and non-enzymatic antioxidants has a strong while negative with leaf, and root AsA and leaf tocopherol while root H2O2, showed vice positive correlation with leaf GSSG, root tocopherol and leaf and root proline contents, versa results (p ≤ 0.05). Root total glutathione and GSH also has a positive correlation while negative with leaf, and root AsA and leaf tocopherol while root H2O2, showed vice with growth as well as root TSP contents (Figure 5A). However, among non-enzymatic versa results (p ≤ 0.05). Root total glutathione and GSH also has a positive correlation wainthtiogxriodwanthtsaas wpoesllitaivseroroetlaTtiSoPnschoinptewnats(fFoiugnudre, 5eAxc)e.pHtofworevroeor,taGmSoSnGg, nwohni-cehnzdyomesatnicot asnhtiowxidaannytsrealaptoiosnitsivheiprewlaithionthsehimpawjoarsitfyouonfdn,oenx-ceenpztyfmorartiocoatnGtiSoSxGid,awnhtsic(hFdigouersen5oAt)s.how any reSlaimtioilnasrhlyip, twheithcotrhrelmataiojonritaymofnngonle-aefnzTySmP,atTicFAanAti,oHxi2dOa2natsnd(FiMguDrAe 5wAi)t.h enzymatic antiSoixmidialanrtlsy,atlhsoecsohrorweleadtiognreamtvoanrgialteioafnsTS(FPi,gTuFrAeA5B,)H.TOSPa(nLdeaMfaDnAdrwoiotth)enxzhyibmitaetdica 22 asnttrionxgidpaonstistiavlesocosrhroewlateidongwreiatthvleaarifaatniodnsro(oFtigSuOrDe,5rBo)o.tTASPX(LaenadfCanAdTr,oleoatf)PexShDibainteddGaR stwrohnilgepnoesgiatitviveecworirtehlaletiaofnCwAiTth. LleafaHn2dOr2oeoxthSibOiDte,dropotsiAtiPveXraenladtiConAsTh,ilpeawfiPthSDleanfdMGDRA, wlehailfeAnPeXg,alteivaef CwAitTh olenafthCeAoTth. LereahfaHndOit heaxdhnibeigteadtivpeorseitliavtieorneslhaitpiownsihthiplewafitPhOleDafaMndDGAR,. 22 leAafpAosPiXti,vleacofrCreAlTatioontwheasotfhoeurnhdaanmdointghaednznyemgattiivcearnetliaotxioidnasnhtispwitihthsloemafePeOxcDepatniodnGsRon. the behalf of leaf APX (Figure 5B).

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