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Materials 2021, 14, 6843 13 of 15 and this increased to 94.7% and 97.5% after 1 and 2 h, respectively. The reduced leaching rate after 3 h calcination could be attributed to enhanced sintering and melting. Under the conditions employed in this study, 2 h of calcination at 800 °C was concluded to be the optimum condition for the leaching of PGMs. 100 80 60 40 20 00123 Calcination time / h Pt Pd Rh Li Figure11.Ptt,,Pd,,Rh,,aannddLLiileleaacchhininggefefificiceiennciceisesooffththeesasmamplpelsesobotbatianiendedunudnedrecrocnodnidtiiotniosnIs-EI-E1,-1I-, E-2, I-E-3, and I-E-4. I-E-2, I-E-3, and I-E-4. 4. Conclusions 4. Conclusions In this study, the recovery of PGMs from spent automotive catalysts (autocatalysts) In this study, the recovery of PGMs from spent automotive catalysts (autocatalysts) was attempted using Li salts and HCl according to the concept of “spent autocatalyst + was attempted using Li salts and HCl according to the concept of “spent autocatalyst + waste LIBs → resources”. As a result, the complete leaching of Pt from samples containing waste LIBs → resources”. As a result, the complete leaching of Pt from samples containing added Li CO was achieved using HCl. Under the same conditions, the amounts of Rh 23 added Li2CO3 was achieved using HCl. Under the same conditions, the amounts of Rh and Pd leached were 94.9% and 97.5%, respectively. Upon the addition of LiF to the and Pd leached were 94.9% and 97.5%, respectively. Upon the addition of LiF to the sam- samples, the amount of leached Pt decreased by approximately 5%, but there was no ples, the amount of leached Pt decreased by approximately 5%, but there was no signifi- significant change in the amounts of leached Rh and Pd. XRD analysis revealed that a cant change in the amounts of leached Rh and Pd. XRD analysis revealed that a complex complex oxide—Li4SiO4—was generated when Li2CO3 was added to the samples, and oxide—Li4SiO4—was generated when Li2CO3 was added to the samples, and that LiAlSiO4 that LiAlSiO4 formed when LiF was added. Therefore, a close relationship was confirmed formed when LiF was added. Therefore, a close relationship was confirmed between the between the generation of these compounds and the leaching behavior of Li. Furthermore, generation of these compounds and the leaching behavior of Li. Furthermore, the immo- the immobilization of F on cordierite, which is a matrix component of the autocatalysts, bilization of F on cordierite, which is a matrix component of the autocatalysts, was ob- was observed. Mg present in cordierite reacted with F− ions in solution to generate MgF2, served. Mg present in cordierite reacted with F− ions in solution to generate MgF2, which which plays a significant role in the immobilization of F. Optimal leaching efficiencies were plays a significant role in the immobilization of F. Optimal leaching efficiencies were ob- obtained through calcination at 800 ◦C for 2 h. The leaching efficiency increased with HCl tained through calcination at 800 °C for 2 h. The leaching efficiency increased with HCl concentration and reached the maximum at 12 M HCl. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.K. and R.K.; methodology, S.K. and R.K.; formal analy- Author Contributions: Conceptualization, S.K. and R.K.; methodology, S.K. and R.K.; formal anal- sis, M.O. and R.K.; investigation, M.O.; data curation, S.K. and R.K.; writing—original draft prepara- ysis, M.O. and R.K.; investigation, M.O.; data curation, S.K. and R.K.; writing—original draft prep- tion, S.K. and R.K.; writing—review and editing, S.K. and R.K.; visualization, R.K.; funding acquisi- aration, S.K. and R.K.; writing—review and editing, S.K. and R.K.; visualization, R.K.; funding ac- tion, S.K. and R.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. quisition, S.K. and R.K. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by JSPS KAKENHI, grant numbers 17H01925 and 19K12435. Funding: This research was funded by JSPS KAKENHI, grant numbers 17H01925 and 19K12435. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Institutional Review Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Data Availability Statement: The data can be provided by the corresponding author on request. Acknowledgments: The authors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Takumi Akiyama, Masaya Hino, and Erika Furukawa (Tohoku University) who conducted the ICP-MS and ICP- AES experiments. concentration and reached the maximum at 12 M HCl. Metals leaching efficiency / %PDF Image | Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Auto Catalysts
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