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3.3. Effects of Various Parameters on PGM Leaching s e o n o d e s s n g s d s s h s Materials 2021, 14, 6843 3.3.1. HCl Concentration and the Type of Li Salt (Conditions I-C-1 and I-C-5) Figure 9 shows the relationship between the HCl concentration and the leaching rate of various metals. When the HCl concentration was increased to 1.5, 3, 6, and 12 M, th 62.9%, 84.6%, 87.4%, and 104.2%, respectively. For the same increase in HCl concentratio the leaching rates of Pt from the samples with added LiF (condition I-C-5) increased t leaching rates of Pt from the samples with added Li2CO3 (condition I-C-1) increased t 62.9%, 84.6%, 87.4%, and 104.2%, respectively. For the same increase in HCl concentration, 78.7%, 83.1%, 83.0%, and 95.3%, respectively. Although the leaching rate of Pt increase the leaching rates of Pt from the samples with added LiF (condition I-C-5) increased to with increasing HCl concentration, there was no significant difference in the leaching rat 78.7%, 83.1%, 83.0%, and 95.3%, respectively. Although the leaching rate of Pt increased 11 of 15 at HCl concentrations of 3 and 6 M. Furthermore, except at 1.5 M HCl, the leaching rate with increasing HCl concentration, there was no significant difference in the leaching rate increased with increasing Li2CO3/(Li2CO3 + LiF) ratio. The leaching behavior of Pd wa at HCl concentrations of 3 and 6 M. Furthermore, except at 1.5 M HCl, the leaching rates similnacretaostehdawt oithf Pint.crTehaseinlegaLcihCinOg r/a(LteisCoOf R+hLiniFc)rreaatisoe.dTrhemlearckhianbglybewhaitvhioHr oCflPcdowncaesntratio 2323 similar to that of Pt. The leaching rates of Rh increased remarkably with HCl concentration irrespective of the type of Li salt. irrespective of the type of Li salt. (d) Li. Solid lines: condition I-C-1, dashed lines: condition I-C-5. (d) Li. Solid lines: condition I-C-1, dashed lines: condition I-C-5. Through the calcination of the Li salt and the use of spent autocatalysts, the leaching raTthesrouf gPhGMthseincatolcHinCaltidornasotifcathllye Linicsreaaltseadndcotmhpeauresde otof tshpoesnetoafuthtoecuantatrleyasttesd, tshame l-eachin ples [12]. This is due to the generation of Li–PGM complex oxides that are soluble in HCl. rates of PGMs into HCl drastically increased compared to those of the untreated sample Figure 9. Metal leaching efficiencies of the samples obtained under conditions I-C-1 and I-C-5. (a) Pt, (b) Pd, (c) Rh, and Figure 9. Metal leaching efficiencies of the samples obtained under conditions I-C-1 and I-C-5. (a) Pt, (b) Pd, (c) Rh, and Under condition I-C-1, Pt, Pd, and Rh are considered to convert to Li2PtO3, Li2PdO2, and [12]. This is due to the generation of Li–PGM complex oxides that are soluble in HCl. Un LiRhO2, respectively. As previously described, the leaching rate of Pt from Li2PtO3 in- der condition I-C-1, Pt, Pd, and Rh are considered to convert to Li2PtO3, Li2PdO2, an creased with HCl concentration [9]. This is consistent with the results obtained in this study. LiRhO2, respectively. As previously described, the leaching rate of Pt from Li2PtO3 in Although Li2PdO2 easily dissolves in low-concentration HCl at ambient temperatures [11], creausnederwthitehcoHndCiltiocnosnecxeanmtrinaetidoino[9u]r.sTtuhdiys,tihseconmspislettenlteawchiitnhgtohfePdrewsausltnsotopbotsasiinbeled. inthi This may have been due to the incorporation of Pd in the host materials that is less soluble study. Although Li2PdO2 easily dissolves in low-concentration HCl at ambient tempera than Li PdO . Although the leaching rate of Rh significantly increased with increasing HCl 22 tures [11], under the conditions examined in our study, the complete leaching of Pd wa concentration, it did not completely leach, similar to the case of Pd. This was because some not possible. This may have been due to the incorporation of Pd in the host materials tha Rh remained unreacted. Although the calcination of Rh powder and Li2CO3 generates is less soluble than Li2PdO2. Although the leaching rate of◦ Rh significantly increased wit LiRhO2, some unreacted Rh remains after calcination at 800 C for 3 h [13]. Since PGMs increasing HCl concentration, it did not completely leach, similar to the case of Pd. Thi rarely dissolve in HCl in the metallic state, the extent of dissolution decreases if unreacted PGMs exist. The leaching rates of Li varied between 96.1% and 98.3% for the samples using Li2CO3 and between 46.7% and 50.7% for those using LiF alone, and they were almost constant regardless of the HCl concentration. Because the calcination products varied depending on the Li salt added, the type of decomposition products is believed to reflect the leachingPDF Image | Recovery of Platinum Group Metals from Auto Catalysts
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