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Processes 2020, 8, 1362 8 of 17 Processes 2020, 8, x FOR PEER REVIEW 8 of 17 Figure 6. SEM images of (a) Mg and (b) Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi discharged at 120 mA/cm2 for 20 min with Figure 6. SEM images of (a) Mg and (b) Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi discharged at 120 mA/cm2 for 20 min with discharge products; (c) Mg and (d) Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi discharged at 120 mA/cm2 2 for 20 min without discharge products; (c) Mg and (d) Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi discharged at 120 mA/cm for 20 min without discharge products. discharge products. Figure 6c,d show the SEM image of the Mg anode and Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi anode surfaces discharged Figure 6c,d show the SEM image of the Mg anode and Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi anode surfaces at 120 mA/cm2 without discha2rge products. The Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi anode surface is uniformly dissolved. discharged at 120 mA/cm without discharge products. The Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi anode surface is uniformly dissolved. In contrast, larger corrosion pits were observed on the magnesium anode. The thedMeegpapnitosdoebsmeravyedbeincathueseMdgbayntohdesmheadydbiencgauosfeαd-Mbygthgerasihnesdfdrionmg otfhαe-aMngodgeradinusrifnrogmththeedaisncohdaerge. Thedsuersinhgedthαe-Mdisgchgarargines. Tcahnesneotshbeduαse-Md gfogrrdaisncshcarngneo, trebseuultsinedg fionraddisecchraeragse,irnesduisltcihnagrigneacadpeacrceitayseand anoindediustcihliazragteiocnapeafficictyieanncdya[n43o,d4e4]u.tiAliszasthionwenfficnieFnicgyu[r4e36,4,4t]h.eAsusrhfoawcenoifntFhieguMreg–6,8t%heAslu–0rf.a4c%eBoif athneode In contrast, larger corrosion pits were observed on the magnesium anode. The deep pits observed in Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi anode was uniformly corroded, and no corrosion pits were observed. This is was uniformly corroded, and no corrosion pits were observed. This is considered to be another reason considered to be another reason why the discharge performance and anode efficiency of the Mg– why the discharge performance and anode efficiency of the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi anode are higher than 8%Al–0.4%Bi anode are higher than those of the Mg anode under high current density. those of the Mg anode under high current density. Figure 7a shows the SEM image of the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy and the EDS results of magnesium Figure 7a shows the SEM image of the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy and the EDS results of magnesium and the alloying elements’ distribution. According to Figure 7, most of the Al elements are evenly and the alloying elements’ distribution. According to Figure 7, most of the Al elements are evenly distributed on the surface, and the Bi element content is too low to be detected. No obvious second distributed on the surface, and the Bi element content is too low to be detected. No obvious second phase can be observed in the image. Figure 7b shows the SEM image of the corroded surface phase can be observed in the image. Figure 7b shows the SEM image of the corroded surface morphology and the related EDS results of the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy after discharge at the current morphology and the related EDS results of the Mg–8%Al–0.4%Bi alloy after discharge at the current densities of 120 mAcm−2 for 30 min without discharge product. According to the EDS results in Figure densities of 120 mAcm−2 for 30 min without discharge product. According to the EDS results in 7b, Al elements gather together and basically exist in the form of Mg17Al12 phase, and at the same Figure 7b, Al elements gather together and basically exist in the form of Mg Al phase, and at 17 12 time, Bi elements are enriched on the anode surface after discharge in the form of BiOCl. They formed the same time, Bi elements are enriched on the anode surface after discharge in the form of BiOCl. a protective layer on the surface of the anode to reduce self-discharge and strip the thick Mg(OH)2 They formed a protective layer on the surface of the anode to reduce self-discharge and strip the thick Mg(OH)2 passivation film. Therefore, the discharge performance and utilization efficiency of the battery were improved.PDF Image | Alloy Anode for Seawater Batteries and Related Mechanisms
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