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Figure 2. A solar-powered water pump. In recent years, the cost of solar modules has dropped considerably. As large-scale solar con- sumption and production increases, the costs are expected to continue to fall. A solar module costs about $5 per watt; a 75-watt module costs about $375. Advantages and disadvantages of solar and wind energy Some advantages and disadvantages for using solar or wind energy are presented in Table 1. The main advantage of using renewable energy is that there is no energy cost to pump the water. The power source – either wind for a wind pump or sunshine for solar pump – depends on the weather conditions for a given place. However, these conditions generally are constant at a given location from year to year and vary with the season. For example: Solar energy pro- duces more water in the summer, when water consumption is high. For wind power, the wind blows more during the spring, when the average monthly wind speed varies from 11.5 to 13.4 mph at a 33-foot height in West and Northwest Texas. In the sum- mer, the average wind speed decreases, ranging from 9.8 to 11.5 mph. In autumn, it slightly increases from 11.5 to 12.5, especially in the northwest part of Texas. In winter, the wind speed varies from 11.5 to 12.5 mph. Although these average wind speeds seem about the same, a small increase in wind will greatly increase the wind power. In fact, the wind power increases by a cube (power of 3) of the wind speed. For instance, a 12.6 mph wind speed has twice the power of a 10 mph wind speed. The water pumped from wind and solar sys- tems is generally stored in tanks. Keep in mind that your storage tank needs to be big enough to store several days’ supply of water in case of breakdowns or poor pumping conditions (unfa- vorable weather). When the water tank is full, the extra generat- ed solar or wind energy can be stored in lead acid batteries. However, there are several draw- backs to storing energy in batteries: • It is expensive. • Only small amounts of energy can be stored (in some cases, less than 1,000 or 2,000 watts per hour, depending on the amount of batteries and their capacity). • The batteries need to be replaced at least every 5 years. • Storage batteries raise the initial cost of the total system much higher. 3PDF Image | Using Renewable Energy to Pump Water
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