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L-5457 6/04 Using Renewable Energy to Pump Water You can save money and help reduce air pol- lution by using renewable energy sources — such as solar or wind power — for your home, for drip irrigation or for livestock water wells. Wind and solar energy can be excellent options in remote areas where the costs of extending transmission lines are high. Extending transmission lines over 1/4 mile usually costs $5 per foot. At that rate, a 1-mile transmission line extension will cost more than $25,000. Renewable energy sources are also a good option when only a small amount of water needs to be pumped. Generally, very little water is required for livestock and home use. To make a wise decision on renewable energy sources, it helps to understand some basic con- cepts about renewable fuels, including: • How solar and wind energy pumps work • The main components of these pumps • The advantages and disadvantages of solar and wind energy pumps • Howtocalculateyourpumpingrequirements It is also important to consider the costs of buying and using a pumping system, which include the initial cost, energy costs and mainte- nance costs. *Assistant Professor and Extension Agricultural Engineering Specialist; and Extension Program Specialist—Water Management; The Texas A&M University System Juan Enciso and Michael Mecke* Wind power Wind is often used as an energy source to operate pumps and supply water to livestock. Because of the large amount of water needed for crops, wind power is rarely used for irrigation. As larger and/or more efficient wind turbines are developed, groups of these wind turbines (or single wind turbines) are expected to be able to generate enough electricity to be used for irriga- tion projects. Wind generators are also used to charge batteries and to provide electricity for small communities. The most common wind device used is the American farm and ranch windmill (Fig. 1). These windmills are common on the North American Great Plains and across the Southwest. A windmill consists of: • A very large fan with 15 to 40 steel or gal- vanized blades • A gear box mechanism driven by the blades. This mechanism converts the rotary motion of the blades to an up-and-down motion • A piston pump, which is driven by the up- and-down motion produced by the gear box mechanism • A pump rod that descends from the wind- mill to the well • A pump cylinder, which is placed in the water near the well bottom and is driven by the pump rodPDF Image | Using Renewable Energy to Pump Water
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