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Fig. 3. Comparisons of Wver and previous work [9] under various warm seawater flow rates for R717 in an OTEC system. an OTEC system that involves generating hydrogen from a pure- ammonia working fluid. Baik et al. [20] simulated the power opti- mization in ORC by using R125, R134a, R245fa, and R152a; in their analysis, the heat-source and heat-sink temperatures were assumed to be 100 C and 20 C, respectively. The total overall conductance, which is the product of the overall heat transfer co- efficient and the heat transfer area, of the evaporator and condenser ranged from 20 to 80 kW/K. The results revealed that the R125 trans-critical cycle performed better than the other working fluids, because the total overall conductance was more than 35 kW/ K. However, the variations of the heat transfer coefficient and the area of the heat exchangers were not described further. Few studies have analyzed the optimal operational conditions with respect to working fluids while considering both maximal net power output and minimal heat transfer area. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of the objective parameters that represent the ratio of net power output to heat transfer area for an ORC system with various evaporating and condensing tempera- tures. In this study, the preliminary principles for selecting working fluids are the environmental considerations of zero ozone deple- tion potential and low global warming potential. From the first law of thermodynamics and the heat transfer theory, the maximal objective parameters and their corresponding optimal condensing and evaporating temperatures are obtained for using R134a, R152a, R245fa, R600a, and R717 as working fluids. 2. Cycle description and analysis The ORC in an OTEC plant consists mainly of a pump, an evap- orator, a turbine, and a condenser, as shown in Fig. 1(a). In the evaporator, the working fluid absorbs heat that is transferred from the warm seawater and reaches saturation temperature, after which the working fluid continues to be heated and thereby be- comes a saturated vapor at the outlet of the evaporator. The vapor expands while passing through the turbine and produces power because of the pressure difference of evaporation and condensa- tion. The low-pressure vapor then enters the condenser cooled by cold deep seawater. After condensation, the liquid working fluid is pumped back into the evaporator to complete the cycle. In the OTEC Fig. 4. Dependence of (a) Wnet, (b) At, and (c) g on evaporation temperatures at Tcon 1⁄4 10.7 C and DTw 1⁄4 2.1 C. M.-H. Yang, R.-H. Yeh / Renewable Energy 68 (2014) 25e34 27PDF Image | Analysis of optimization in an OTEC plant using ORC
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