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Presented at “Short Course on Geothermal Development and Geothermal Wells”, organized by UNU-GTP and LaGeo, in Santa Tecla, El Salvador, March 11-17, 2012. GEOTHERMAL TRAINING PROGRAMME LaGeo S.A. de C.V. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN THE WORLD WITH SOME EMPHASIS ON THE STATUS IN LATIN AMERICA AND CAPACITY BUILDING Lúdvík S. Georgsson and Ingvar B. Fridleifsson United Nations University Geothermal Training Programme Orkustofnun, Grensasvegi 9, 108 Reykjavik ICELAND lsg@os.is, ibf@os.is ABSTRACT The renewable energy sources are expected to provide some 20-40% of the world primary energy in 2050. A key element in the mitigation of climate change is capacity building in renewable energy technologies in the developing countries, where the main energy use growth is expected. Based on the World Energy Assessment Report update on the status in 2001 (WEA, 2004), the primary energy consumption in the world was assessed as 400 EJ, with about 80% coming from fossil fuels, but only 14% from renewable energy sources. The contribution of the renewables is discussed and their possibilities. Their current share in the energy production is mainly from biomass and hydro, followed by wind and geothermal energy. In a future envisioned through depleting resources of fossil fuels and environmentally acceptable energy sources, geothermal energy with its large technical potential is expected to play an important role. Central America is one of the world ́s richest regions in geothermal resources. Geothermal power stations provide about 12% of the total electricity generation of the four countries Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala and Nicaragua, while hydro stations provide 46% of the electricity for the four countries, and wind energy 2%. The geothermal potential for electricity generation in Central America has been estimated some 4,000 MWe, and less than 500 MWe have been harnessed so far. With the large untapped geothermal resources and the significant experience in geothermal as well as hydro development in the region, Central America can become an international example of how to reduce the overall emissions of greenhouse gases in a large region. South America also hosts vast resources of geothermal energy that are largely unexploited, estimated to be in the range of 4-9 GWe. Exploration and development is now on-going in countries like Bolivia, Chile, Colombia and Ecuador. Similarly, the 11 volcanic islands of the Eastern Caribbean have an estimated power potential of 16,000 MWe collectively, according to USDOE studies. Production is still limited to Guadeloupe, with 15.7 MWe, but exploration wells have been drilled in St. Lucia, Nevis and are now on- going in Dominica. Finally, attention is given to the capacity building operations of the UNU Geothermal Training Programme with special reference to Latin America, both through the geothermal training in Iceland, and short courses in the region. 1PDF Image | GEOTHERMAL TRAINING PROGRAMME LaGeo
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