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The Use of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology in Food Processing R.S. Mohamed and G.A. Mansoori Featured Article - Food Technology Magazine, June 2002 The World Markets Research Centre, London, UK cholesterol from dairy products. The extraction/fractionation operation was also coupled with an adsorption step that uses alumina as the adsorbent (Mohamed et al., 1998, 2000). The combined extraction/adsorption operation resulted in the removal of more than 97% of the cholesterol in the original butter oil (Table 2). The operation has also resulted in the generation of butter oil fractions with characteristic properties that are distinctly different from those of the original oil. The carbon dioxide extraction has also proved effective for the production of high quality cocoa butter from cocoa beans (Saldaña et al., 2002b). Recent investigation point to the potential use of supercritical CO2 for microbial inactivation of foods and the implementation of an innovative technique for the sterilization of thermally and pressure sensitive materials (Spilimbergo et al., 2002). Supercritical water oxidation, an environmentally attractive technology through which organic materials can be oxidized to carbon dioxide, water and gaseous nitrogen, is one of the new potential applications of supercritical fluid technology (Mizuno et al., 2000). In analytical applications, it has the advantage over standard methods in providing consistent qualitative and quantitative analysis and the simultaneous oxidative decomposition of the material. In addition to the homogenization of the reaction mixture, high oxygen concentrations are attained in supercritical water. The application of supercritical water for the safe destruction of toxic materials is a viable alternative to incineration and land disposal (Moret and Conte, 2000). The rapid expansion of supercritical solutions through small size orifices and nozzles has opened new opportunities for the formation of finely divided powders. This process has been applied for the formulation of drug particles, drug-containing polymeric particles and solute-containing liposomes (Jung and Perrut, 2001, Kompellla and Koushik, 2001). The ability of supercritical mixtures to fractionate polymers contributes to the better control of drug release in formed polymeric delivery systems. Supercritical or gas anti-solvent precipitation were proposed in the 1980s as a promising technology for the production of micron and submicron size particles with controlled particle size and particle size distribution (Jung and Perrut, 2001). The principal features of this process is the use of supercritical carbon dioxide, the mild operating temperatures and the smaller particles (sizes down to 50 nm, 1-1.5μm and 0,1-20μm, have been reported for some operations) obtained with this process as compared to conventional milling and crystallization via liquid antisolvent precipitation. While particle morphologies that include spheres, rod-like and snowballs have been reported, the most commonly encountered is the formation of spherical particles. Supercritical CO2 was used for protein purification through the fractional precipitation of proteinalkaline phosphatase, insulin,PDF Image | The Use of Supercritical Fluid Extraction Technology in Food Processing
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