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SOLAR THERMAL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY

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SOLAR THERMAL ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE AS A RENEWABLE ENERGY ( solar-thermal-organic-rankine-cycle-as-renewable-energy )

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Malaysia Plan [2]. In the 8th Malaysia Plan, renewable energy sources are set to increase its power generation share to 5% of the total fuel mix in Malaysia. Therefore, it is pertinent to explore renewable energy usage to generate electricity. For a conventional Rankine Cycle, it is efficient to employ low-grade heat source. Most renewable energy sources, for example solar and biomass are considered as low-grade heat sources because the heat energy supplied is much less compared to fossil fuel. Therefore in this study, it is proposed the use of solar thermal energy for sustainable power generation using the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). An example of a successful commercialized solar based power generation systems is the Solar Electricity Generation System (SEGS) in America, which generates 354 MW of electricity a year [3]. 2.0 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION 2.1 Solar Thermal Cycle Solar radiation can be divided into 2 components, direct radiation and diffuse radiation. Direct or beam radiation is the radiation that arrives at the ground without being scattered by clouds. The scattered radiation is known as diffuse radiation. The total radiation received; the sum of beam and diffuse, is called global radiation. There are two main types of solar collectors available in the market, concentrated solar collectors and non-concentrated solar collectors. Concentrated collectors include the parabolic trough collector, the parabolic dish collector and the solar tower collector; while the flat plate collector is a non-concentrated collector. Concentrated collectors only harness direct radiation whereas non- concentrated collectors collect global radiation [4]. For Malaysia, more diffuse radiation is received as cloudy skies occur more frequently. Concentrated collectors have higher operating temperature range of between 500°C and 1200°C [5] while the non-concentrated collector, example the flat plate collector, operates at temperatures from 80°C to 180°C [3]. The absorber surface temperature, Tab, for a concentrated collector is calculate using, T 4 =(1−η)AapS (1) where Aap = S = σ= Aab = η= aperture area solarflux Stefan-Boltzman constant absorber area collector efficiency ab Aabσ According yearly average global radiation of 1.6 MJ/m2. Diffuse radiation is calculated using correlations from Orgill and Hollands [4]. The direct solar radiation calculated for Kota Kinabalu is 1.01 MJ/m2. By using Orgill and Hollands Correlation, diffuse radiation can be found as: 69 to the Malaysia Metrological Department [6], Kota Kinabalu has a Jurnal Mekanikal, December 2005

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