PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 003
354 MW installed capacity were built at Kramer Junction and Harper Lakes, also in California. At the time, these were the largest solar power plants in the world, and they continue to be so to this day. They were built because of favorable power purchase agreements and tax incentives, and when these incentives were terminated in the early 1990s, no more CSP plants were built. In the early 1990s, a consortium of utilities convinced the DOE to modify the Solar One demonstration plant to incorporate a molten-salt receiver concept developed by the CSP program and shown to have significant dispatchability because it directly incorporated thermal storage. This increases the value of electricity from the plant because it enables utilities to dispatch electricity to the grid when it is most needed. The project, called Solar Two, successfully demonstrated the molten-salt receiver and storage technologies and resolved O&M issues. Several utilities had plans for commercially viable, 100-MW follow-up plants, but deregulation and restructuring of the electricity markets in the mid-1990s eliminated the incentives and, in fact, made it difficult for the utilities to invest in generation; therefore, developing a power tower plant was no longer a viable option. The power conversion technology for troughs and power towers is a conventional steam Rankine power cycle, similar to the technology used for coal-fired power plants. As a consequence, the Solar Program has historically focused more on developing the solar-specific components and integrating them with the power blocks than on the R&D associated with developing advanced power systems. On the other hand, dish/Stirling technology uses a small Stirling-cycle engine (10–25 kW) that is mounted at the focal point of the parabolic dish concentrator. Historically, the Solar Program explored three types of engines (i.e., Stirling, Brayton, and organic Rankine) until down-selecting to the Stirling cycle as the most promising technology in the mid-1980s. In 1984, a 25-kW dish/Stirling system achieved a 29.4% solar- to-electric system efficiency, a record that stands to this day. Adapting Stirling engines to dishes became a major CSP program R&D activity during the middle of the 1990s and into the early 2000s. More recently, R&D has shifted to the systems engineering and integration of the components, with the focus of increasing the reliability of dish systems and adapting the design of the dish/Stirling system for mass manufacturing. With the relatively large budgets of the early 1980s, DOE CSP research invested in large-scale demonstration plants to prove the feasibility of the technology. With more modest budgets in the 1990s, the CSP Subprogram worked more closely with industry partners on cost-shared R&D. In the late 1990s, a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Review Panel suggested that CSP would never be deployed because the system costs were too high and would never achieve the deployment levels required. This resulted in a decrease in the CSP budgets. Since 2000, the CSP Subprogram has been forced to narrow its focus on technical pathways that leverage the CSP industry and relationships with southwestern U.S. states to start to open markets for CSP. In 2003, a second, detailed independent review of CSP technologies was conducted by an engineering firm, Sargent & Lundy (S&L), under the guidance of the NAS’ National Research Council (NRC) Committee for the Review of a Technology Assessment of Solar Power Energy Systems. The NRC Committee concurred with the overall technical findings of S&L, which predict that troughs and towers can be cost competitive with as little as 3 GW of deployment. (Note that dishes were not reviewed because they were not identified as a problem by the first NRC review.) But the concern was raised that the lack of significant deployment could still limit the ability of CSP technologies to realize the cost reductions. As noted earlier under markets during the last two years, several southwestern states have shown strong interest in deploying CSP projects, including a 65-MW trough project in Nevada, a 1-MW trough project in Arizona, 800 to 1750 MW of dish/Stirling systems in California, and the formation of a CSP Task Force in New Mexico. This interest, coupled with a Congressional direction to examine the potential for deploying 1,000 MW of CSP in the Southwest, has provided further impetus for DOE and Congress to reexamine the CSP Subprogram. The result is a new strategy 2 M. Lotker, 1991. Barriers to Commercialization of Large-Scale Solar Electricity: Lessons Learned from the Luz Experience, Report No. SAND91-7014, SNL, Albuquerque, NM. 3 Efficiency for CSP systems is defined as the ratio of the power output divided by the total direct-normal insolation incident on the concentrator. 61PDF Image | Concentrating Solar Power
PDF Search Title:
Concentrating Solar PowerOriginal File Name Searched:
set_myp_2007_2011_proof_2.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |