PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 192
190 Carrot and Guidance. The Swedish National Board for Technical Development (NUTEK) issued a Technology Procurement in 1994 for heat pumps with the intention of promoting energy efficient technologies and assisting their market development. This system of support, first introduced in 1984, is managed by the Swedish National Energy Administration and reviewed periodically. €0.1 M was allocated to a heat pump procurement competition as a grant for the winning, most efficient technologies with guaranteed sales of 2 000 units. In addition, information campaigns were created as a follow-up (Olerup, 2001). Two designs of GHPs won this award and spurred the market for this technology. Carrot. In 1997 grants were introduced for investment in district heating systems and connection of group and individual heating systems to reduce the amount of electric heating in Swedish residences. Subsidies were available to a maximum of €1 100-€3 300 per district heating system connection, dependent upon connection specifications and central boilers. These grants were temporarily withdrawn in 1999, reinstated, and then removed in 2002 (IEA, 2004). Carrot. Grants have also been provided in support of biomass energy crops for use in energy systems. €550 /ha is provided for growing short rotation forest plantations such as Salix. Carrot. An Investment Grant for Solar Heating has been available since June 1 2000. This grant of €0.27 /kWh of calculated yearly supply is available as a one-off payment to subsidize the cost of installations of solar heating systems for space heating and/or domestic hot water production. Grants, administered by the county councils and the National Board of Housing, Building, and Planning, are available to Swedish home owners, apartment buildings, and certain types of commercial premises (IEA, 2004; SNEA, 2006). A total of €1.1M was available in 2000 and increased to €2.2 M in 2001 (IEA, 2006e). Guidance. In March 2001, the Eco-energy Municipality Programme began, providing information on renewable energy resources aiming to contribute to the decisions of Swedish Energy Policy. Through this programme municipalities are offered seven different educational packages (IEA, 2006e). Carrot. A Tax Deduction for Installation Costs of Biomass Heating Systems (Proposition 2003/2004:19) was in place from January 1 2004 through to December 31 2006. This tax credit, applicable to income tax returns for 30% of the equipment and installation costs of biomass heating systems (IEA, 2004), was available to household space and water heating distributed via a central piping network and was limited to roughly €1,600 per household (European Biomass Association, 2006). A formal action plan for biomass was introduced in December 2005 and adopted in June 2006 (COM2005 628). Carrot. A conversion grant was introduced on January 1 2006 aimed at reducing the use of oil and electricity for heating purposes in residential and commercial buildings. It is available through 2010 for conversions to district heating, biomass-fired heating systems, GHPs and/or solar heating (SNEA, 2006). Evaluation In 2006 the demand for space heating and domestic hot water was about 306.0 PJ of which 10% was consumed by industry, 57% by the residential sector, 29% by commercial and public services, and less than 1% by agriculture and forestry (Figure B26). Roughly 4% of heat is lost in the substantial district heating network (IEA, 2007a). Overall the Swedish heating system is exemplary in its use of renewables, primarily biomass. Although solar thermal and geothermal contributions have been comparatively small, the markets have shown growth in recent years (Figure B27). Sweden has developed an extensive district heating sector, influenced by grants offered in support. Between 1990 and 1999 there was a fourfold increase of the use of bioenergy district heating systems (Johansson et al., 2002). Today district heating accounts for approximately 40% of the heat market.PDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
PDF Search Title:
RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLINGOriginal File Name Searched:
renewable_heating_cooling_final_web.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com (Standard Web Page)