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Noteworthy support for renewable heating has also originated from regional and local governments. For example, the local government of Turin province allocated €100 000 as 30% of the installation costs for each of 3 large-scale solar thermal systems and also provided planning and installation design support (Calderoni, 2007). Evaluation Total thermal energy production from renewable energy resources grew from 131.7 PJ in 2002 to 148.8 PJ in 2003 (Figure B15) (IEA, 2007a). Figure B15 Renewable heat generation in Italy by sector from 1996 till 2005 Heat generated (TJ) 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 170 0 1996 1997 Biomass Geothermal Solar thermal 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: EC, 2006b; SHC, 2006. Where data was unavailable, numbers have been extrapolated. Solar thermal Solar thermal heating has grown significantly in Italy (Figure B16) although its contribution to the total heat supply remains negligible. Solar thermal heat production increased from only 293 TJ in 1997 to 586 TJ in 2002 and 669 TJ in 2003 (SHC, 2006). In 2004 nearly 38.5 MW (60 000 m2) was installed, bringing the total to 320 MW, an annual increase of 14% (EuObserv’ER, 2005; SHC, 2006). In 2005, a 25% increase in installations of 50.4 MW (72 000 m2) brought the total to 371 MW. In 2007 a study of the Italian solar thermal market suggested that it had historically been underestimated with 130 MW (186 000 m2) of new capacity installed in 2006 and 200 MW (286 000 m2) forecast for 2007 (Zingale, 2007). Nearly 30% of Italian solar thermal installations have been in Trento and Bolzano regions due to the subsidies offered by regional governments and the proximity to the well-developed Austrian market (SHC, 2006). Nearly half of the systems installed are imported, mainly from Austria, Australia, Germany, Greece and Israel, and roughly 84% are flat plate collectors (Zingale, 2007). Support schemes for solar thermal began in 1998 with the Financial Law 449/97 tax reduction. Subsidies were first provided in 2000 as part of the National Programme for Thermal Solar Energy which also aimed to create a network of qualified expert designers, engineers and installers. Further financial incentives were available from 2002 with the MATT subsidy programme and the 2004 Comuni Solarizzato programme. Although MATT funding contributed to a total investment of €3.3 M in solar thermal installations, roughly 3.5 MW, only €1.5 M of the original €6 M budget was allocated and installationsPDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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