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Geothermal From 1995 to 2005 the capacity of geothermal heat increased from 3.5 MW to 330 MW respectively, at a rate of nearly 43% per year (Lund et al, 2005; EurObserv’ER, 2005; EC, 2006b). While deep geothermal heat generation has shown only marginal growth in Denmark (Figure B6) the market for GHPs has grown substantially. Figure B6 Geothermal heat generation in Denmark from 1990 till 2005 Heat generated (TJ) 4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 2 000 1 500 1 000 500 0 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Source: IEA, 2006b. Heat pumps Deep geothermal About 88% of heat pumps are installed in single family homes (DEA, 2005). GHPs account for approximately 3 940 TJ/year, being most of the geothermal heat production in Denmark. In addition, two district heating plants currently use absorption heat pumps: the first in operation since 1984, the second since 2004 (Lund et al., 2005). The 1996 code for low temperature heating systems, part of Energy 2000, may have impacted the growth of geothermal heat. Conclusions Denmark was one of the first nations to utilize regulations (sticks) to encourage the development of renewable heat, especially from biomass. Regulations such as mandates for connection to district heating grids and bans on electric heating appliances have played an important role in the transition of Denmark’s heat portfolio to include renewable energies. Support for renewable heat was disrupted by the liberalization of the electricity market and the shift of political power in 2001 which discontinued many subsidies. In 2007 the Danish government presented an energy plan, A Visionary Danish Energy Policy, outlining energy policy objectives until 2025 including targets related to renewable heat: the contribution of energy from renewable sources will double to 30%; the energy saving initiative will be tightened to 1.25%/year; investment in energy research will be doubled to €130 M. This policy is expected to be accompanied with an increase in renewable heat. Some of these targets will possibly be strengthened further during the summer of 2007 since a broad political agreement on the new energy strategy is envisaged. New subsidy schemes may become part of this agreement in order to obtain even more ambitious targets for heat pumps and other forms of REHC. 149PDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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