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A2. Solar thermal cooling Total investment costs for a solar cooling installation are based on two important components: the solar collectors and the sorption cooling device. Collector investment costs were assumed to equal the solar heating costs (€300 to 1 000 /m2). The additional cooling equipment was assumed to have an investment cost ranging from €80 to 640 /m2 with an average value of €260 /m2. These values were based on different system layouts: relatively cheap are the systems with a large cooling capacity and a high value of specific collector area (m2/kW cooling capacity); relatively expensive are the systems with a small cooling capacity and a small specific area. The assumed specific collector area ranges from 2.5 to 4.5 m2/kW cooling capacity. Combined, the resulting range in investment costs is €380 to 1 640 /m2, with an average value of €890 /m2. To meet consumer energy needs, both heating and cooling functions are considered. The minimum energy yield is slightly higher than the heating-only mode of 300 kWh/m2/yr due to additional cooling energy demand. The average value was assumed to be 500 kWh/m2/yr. However a well designed system, located in a region with high solar irradiation and with high heating and cooling requirements can yield up to 800 kWh/m2/yr (equal to solar heating). The auxiliary energy needed for solar cooling is higher than for solar heating and was assumed to range from 3 to 12 kWh /m2/yr (average 6 kWh /m2/yr). ee For projections out to 2030 it was assumed that the collector investment cost reduction was equal to the case for solar heating. The additional cooling equipment cost was assumed to be reduced by 35% to 45% resulting in a range of investment costs from €210 to 1 080 /m2 (average €590 /m2). The energy yield was assumed to increase by 20% in the period to 2030, resulting in a range of 360 to 960 kWh/m2/yr (average 600 kWh/m2/yr). Table A3 Cost parameters for solar cooling in 2005 (excluding VAT) and projections for 2030* 125 Data for base year 2005 Extrapolation to 2030 Minimum Average Maximum Unit Investment cost 380 890 1 640 2005€/m2 -45% to -35% Energy yield 300 500 800 kWh /m2/yr th +20% Auxiliary energy needed 3 6 12 kWh /m2/yr e -30% - cost 0.05 0.15 0.2 2005€/kWhe +25% O&M 1.0 1.5 3.0 % of investment 0% Life of plant 15 20 25 yr +20% Interest rate 5 10 15 %/yr +10% Annuity Annual investment payment Annual auxiliary energy cost Annual O&M cost 7.1 11.7 17.1 27 105 280 0.2 0.9 2.4 4 13 49 %/yr 2005€/m2/yr 2005€/m2/yr 2005€/m2/yr Total energy cost - investment 9 58 260 2005€/GJ -55% to -43% - fuel 0 0 0 2005€/GJ 0% - auxiliary energy 0 1 2 2005€/GJ -27% - O&M 1 7 46 2005€/GJ -54% to -45% Total 11 66 307 2005€/GJ -55% to -44% *Covers worldwide systems for the base year 2005, and projected relative differences by 2030. Neither a reference system nor avoided costs due to fuel savings are incorporated. Installation costs are included but heat distribution costs are not. In the investment costs the sorption heat pump is included. The energy yield covers both heating and cooling production. Output data Intermediate Input data resultsPDF Image | RENEWABLES FOR HEATING AND COOLING
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