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Technology based on Stirling engines is alternative to steam engines in micro and small facilities. This system is based on closed cycle in which the working gas is compressed in cold cylinder, and then expanded in hot cylinder. The temperature of working gas is between 680 and 780oC. Helium, hydrogen and nitrogen are used as working gases, however helium is most suitable for use. The principle of work Organic Rankine Cycle (hereinafter: ORC) is similar to regular Rankine cycle with difference in use of organic working medium instead of water. Since these carbohydrates evaporate at lower temperature, the lower temperature is required in boiler, which is suitable for wood biomass use. ORC is appropriate for decentralized power production between 200 and 1,500 kWel, it is possible to use all types of fuels, it is easy to control power output. Deficiency of ORC is higher investment costs. 4 Possible application of CHP plants in sawmill in Serbia Application of CHP plants in sawmills may be justified only under three conditions: sufficient quantities of fuel, that is wood residues, constant needs for thermal energy and secured sales of electric energy under favorable terms. 4.1 Wood residues in sawmills Wood residues refer to the part of wood may not be used in processing. Usually it is a raw material with a moisture content between 40% and 60%. The portion of wood residues may be dryer, depending on applied technology. As per structure, wood residues in sawmill may be large, sawdust and dust (see Figure 1). Frequency of dimension depends mostly on type and quality of processed wood and partly on applied technology. Bark is surplus on logs, and it increase volume of sawmill residues. Figure 1: Quantities of wood products and residues in sawmill [4] Percentage [%] Hardwood Softwood 80 50 65 Large Sawdust Dust 3 2 Primary cut lumber Main product: Dry lumber Residues: 24 12 16 14 Shrinkage Measuring errors Total residues 55 22 50 35 100 100 Wood processing industry is consumer of significant amounts of all types of energy. The consumption is dependant on type of wood, and applied technologies. In Figure 2 are displayed data on average consumption of different types of energy for the basic products in sawmill. Total Bark 55 4.2 Energy consumption in sawmills 1618PDF Image | POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF CHP IN THE WOOD INDUSTRY IN SERBIA
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