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POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF CHP IN THE WOOD INDUSTRY IN SERBIA

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POSSIBLE APPLICATION OF CHP IN THE WOOD INDUSTRY IN SERBIA ( possible-application-chp-inwood-industry-in-serbia )

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1 Introduction Wood biomass may be utilized for electric energy production, and for this kind of production there are respective incentives in accordance with Ordinance brought by Serbian Government [1]. In spite of applied technical solution, energy efficiency ratio related to transformation of heat in to electric energy, is relatively low. In order to electric energy production from wood biomass has economic justification, it is necessary that unused thermal energy is used for heating, cooling or technological needs. Combined heat and power production (hereinafter: CHP) has been referred to as cogeneration. The application of CHP is not related only to use of biomass as a fuel, but to production in district heating facilities and power plants which use other sources of fuels. 2 Conversion of wood residues into thermal energy Wood biomass may, upon adequate treatment (grinding and drying), be used for direct combustion or production of gaseous and liquid fuels, and afterwards burning thereof. At conversion of wood biomass into gaseous and liquid fuels different technologies are used, such as: pyrolysis, gasification and fermentation. There are five basic types of direct wood combustion: solid retort burner, burning on grate, bubbling fluidized bed, circulating fluidized bed, and injection burner. Basic types can be divided into subtypes in relation to applied technical solution. Gasification of wood is process in which solid wood substance, by heating in oxygen reduced environment, turns into flammable gas. Heating value of syngas is between 4 and 6 MJ/Nm3. 3 Conversion of heat into electric energy Technologies for conversion of thermal into electric energy are classified on the basis of method of conversion as follows: Steam cycle processes, gas turbine and gas engine processes and combined steam and gas cycle When it comes to choosing of technology in relation to power, certain recommendations should be fulfilled [4]:  for small CHP plants up to 100 kWel best technology is Stirling motor (in state of development):  for medium size CHP plant between 200 and 2,000 kWel steam turbines are suitable, specially ORC turbines. Mentioned technologies are proven on the market;  for big CHP plants above 2,000 kWel steam turbines are best solution. 3.1 Steam cycle CHP This type of CHP has boiler in which the heat generated from burning of wood residues is used for evaporation of water or some other working fluid, so as to the evaporation energy may be used in engines and turbines. Steam turbines and engines are mostly used for CHP energy production. The following fuels are used for this type of cogeneration: coal, oil, biomass, waste, that is all flammable fuels. The advantage of this type of cogeneration is proven technology. The shortcomings are low efficiency and high maintenance costs. Steam engines are suitable for power between 20 kWel and 2 MWel. The decentralization of power production is possible. Steam pressure is between 6 and 60 bar. All types of fuels may be used in boilers. The advantage of this technology is possible variation of power output. The shortcomings are low efficiency in power production, labor-extensive maintenance and noise (up to 95 dB). 1617

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