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Published in: Euroheat & Power, Volume, 10/2002 3 The flue gas cleaning unit consists of two stages. In the first stage the coarse fly ash particles are precipitated in multi-cyclones which are placed downstream of each biomass-fired boiler. In the second stage, fine fly-ash and aerosol precipitation take place in a wet electrostatic filter integrated in a heat recovery and flue gas condensation unit. In this plant configuration, dust emissions in the clean flue gas of about 10 mg/Nm3 (dry flue gas, 13 Vol.% O2) and the avoidance of water vapour formation at the chimney outlet at temperatures above -5°C are achieved. 3 ORC process description The main innovative part of the new biomass CHP plant is the ORC process with a nominal electric capacity of 1.0 MW and a nominal thermal capacity of 4.4 MW. The relevant technical data of the ORC process are listed in Table 2. The ORC was manufactured and supplied by TURBODEN Srl, Brescia, Italy. The principle of electricity generation by means of an ORC process corresponds to the conventional Rankine process. The substantial difference is that instead of water an organic working medium with favourable thermodynamic properties is used - hence the name Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) [2, 3]. The working principle and the different components of the ORC process are shown in Figure 3 and 4. The ORC process is connected with the thermal oil boiler via a thermal oil cycle. The ORC unit itself operates as a completely closed process utilising a silicon oil as organic working medium. This pressurised organic working medium is vaporised and slightly superheated by the thermal oil in the evaporator and then expanded in an axial turbine which is directly connected to an asynchronous generator (see Figure 5). Subsequently, the expanded silicon oil passes through a regenerator (where in-cycle heat recuperation takes place) before it enters the condenser. The condensation of the working medium takes place at a temperature level which allows the heat recovered to be utilised as district heat (hot water feed temperature about 80 to 90°C). The liquid working medium then passes the feed pumps to again achieve the appropriate pressure level of the hot end of the cycle. 4 Optimised integration of the ORC unit in the overall process The design and integration of the ORC process in the entire plant took place with the objective to achieve a high capacity utilisation (large number of full load operating hours), a high overall electric efficiency and economical operation [4, 5]. A high capacity utilisation of the ORC in heat-controlled operation can be achieved by an appropriate dimensioning of the CHP system (see Figure 2). The CHP unit should be able to operate the whole year in order to achieve at least 5,000 full load operating hours. The ORC in Lienz is dimensioned to achieve 7,000 full load operating hours at the final development stage of the district heating network. In order to obtain a high electric efficiency (= net electric power produced / thermal power input) of the ORC unit itself, it is necessary to keep the back-pressure of the turbine as low as possible and thus to minimise the necessary temperature for district heat utilisation at the condenser of the ORC plant (approximately 80 °C feed water temperature). This can be achieved by optimising the operation and control of the district heating network in order to keep the necessary feed-water temperature as low as possible as well as by an optimised hydraulic integration of the ORC in the district heating network. In order to achieve this goal, the ORC should be directly connected to the return of the district heating network and the feed water temperature at the ORC outlet should be kept as low as possible by placing the hot 3PDF Image | ORC process integrated in the biomass CHP plant in Lienz, Austria
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