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Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat

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Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat ( analysis-recovering-energy-from-industrial-waste-heat )

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D APPENDIX D: TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY 4.0 Agriculture Opportunities for process insertion/research & development include the following: • Agriculture waste gasification • Low-Temperature Heat Recovery in the Food Processing Industry • Cooling and Storage Most dairy farms have concentrated supplies of manure waste that are used as fertilizer on crops grown for animal feed. However, economic and logistic constraints often require farm operators to purchase additional feed and fertilizer rather than using the supplies that are available on the farm. Because of this practice, many farms struggle with a manure surplus. It has been shown that cow manure wastes can be an excellent bioenergy fuel; a portion of the dairy farm waste can be used as feedstock in an energy production system, the extra nutrient flow difficulties would be alleviated and the farm’s energy cost could be offset. Collected manure is first separated into liquid and solid portions, using a commercial auger press. While liquid manure is returned to the field and used as a fertilizer, solids can be used as a fuel for the gasifier. The fuel gas produced by the gasifier is used on the farm for power and heat generation, or sold for other uses. In addition to waste reduction and farm energy production advantages, there are three other opportunities worth noting. First, the biomass waste fuel will not contribute significantly to a net increase in CO2 emission when burned. Secondly, this renewable source of energy could potentially displace fossil-fuel-derived energy. Third, unlike some other farm-based energy conversion processes, the availability of the manure fertilizer, the liquid portion in the case, is maintained. The gasification process and the components for gasification are described in Figure D.14. Solid fuels (coal and/or wastes) are gasified using high temperature, preheated air in a reactor vessel to produce a flammable raw synthetic gas. The inorganic ash residue from the gasification reactions is extracted from the gasifier either as a molten slag or an ash, depending upon the selected operating temperature of the gasifier. Upon exiting the gasifier, the fuel gas is cooled in a heat recovery boiler and then cleaned, using conventional gas cleanup technology. A small fraction of the product gas is diverted to the pre-heater where it is used to heat the gasification air. Depending on the intended application of the plant, the rest of the cleaned fuel gas is utilized for a variety of possible downstream processes. For power plant applications, the fuel gas can be used for driving gas or stream turbines for utility and industrial power production or for use in manufacturing of chemicals and fertilizers. 127

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