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D APPENDIX D: TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY areas include: developing adequate clean up systems for the medium Btu gas, improving refractory reliability, demonstrating cost-effective chemical recovery (especially sulfur separation), and demonstrating overall system integration. Alcohol-based Solvent Pulping Alcohol-based solvent pulping offers a potential advantage to traditional Kraft pulping in that it can produce high-yield, high-quality pulps in shorter cooking times. The process also produces a sulfur-free lignin that is extracted at a much faster rate than the Kraft process. Wood chips and the ethanol-water solution is processed in a batch digester at 200C and 392 psi. The combination of alcohol and high-pressure releases about 75% of the lignin; most of the remaining lignin is removed with secondary extraction liquor and recycled alcohol-water. Steam stripping is used to recover residual alcohol from the pulp; lignin is recovered from the black liquor in a proprietary process. A drawback is the high cost of solvents that can be cost prohibitive. Impulse Drying Impulse drying involves pressing the paper between one very hot rotating roll (1150- 500C) and a static concave press with a very short contact time. The pressure is about 10 times higher than that in press and Condebelt drying. Impulse drying tremendously increases the drying rate of paper and the energy savings can be significant; estimates of steam consumption savings are as high as 75%, although electricity requirements increase between 5-10%. Impulse drying subjects the paper web to very high temperature at the press nip in order to drive moisture out of the web. This technology promises to bring reduced capital costs, increased machine productivity, reduced fiber use, reduced energy use, and improved physical properties to the paper. Heat Recovery – Enclosed Hoods In the paper drying section, steam-filled rollers dry paper through the evaporation of water in the web. In a typical drying machine, there may be 40-50 steam heated drying cylinders. Heat recovery technologies are primarily directed at this initial stage of the drying section. There is a strong link between pulp consistency and steam demand on the drying section. Here, pulp enters with a consistency of 40-45 percent and paper exits the machine with a consistency of 90-95%. Typically, 2 kg water is evaporated per kg of paper and 6.7 kg of air is required to remove 1 kg of water vapor. In the paper making process, the heat, which is in the form of low-pressure steam, is transferred to the web via the steam-injected cylinders. As the water vapor exits the web, carried away by pre- heated air, and the web is dried, saturated low-pressure steam is released. The goal of more advanced waste recovery systems is to convert the lower quality steam into more useful heat. There are opportunities to devise system solutions that combine closed hoods, heat regeneration, and sensor control technology to optimize the system via control logic algorithms. 126PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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