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D APPENDIX D: TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY Gd5Ge2Si2 is well known as a magneto-caloric material, which has been characterized by Ames Laboratory3. We have recently demonstrated its usefulness as a volume magneto- strictive material using samples obtained from Ames, and have characterized its perfor- mance in the useful form of a polymer composite4. The material has a layered structure as shown in Figure D.12, and undergoes a coupled magnetic and structural phase transition. The hysteresis in going up and back in temperature can be seen in Figure D.12. (a) b c Lattice Parameters a = 7.5132 A b = 14.797 A c = 7.7942 A b (b) a c 2000 0 -2000 -4000 Lattice Parameters -6000 a a = 7.5891 A b = 14.827 A c = 7.7862 A -8000 -10000 αβ 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Magnetic Field (T) Figure D.11: Structure of Gd5Ge2Si2. Other Potential Materials Figure D.12: Single Crystal – Measured along a-axis, field along c-axis. There are a number of materials that can be considered as the thermostrictive component for compound thermoelectrics. Potential thermostrictive materials for this application other than Gd5Si2Ge2 include La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13, MnFeP0.5As0.4Si0.1 and FeRh. The transition (Curie) temperatures and associated strains for these materials are shown in Figure D.13. 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Figure D.13: Potential thermostrictor materials including their saturation strain and Curie temperature. La(Fe0.88Si0.12)13 MnFeP0.5As0.4Si0.1 Gd5Si2Ge2 FeRh 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 Tc (K) 118 300K 295K 290K 285K 280K 275K 270K 265K 260K Strain (%) Strain (ppm)PDF Image | Analysis for Recovering Energy from Industrial Waste Heat
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