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Main drawbacks include: Fouling or corrosion in the condenser in cases of adverse chemistry High capital costs for piping and pumping stations or electricity consumption when the water has to be transported from large distances Environmentalists have real concerns about an excessive heating up of the cooling water source during the summer months, so causing damage to the surrounding ecosystem Need for large water quantity. There are few places where sufficient water is available. Hence, the market for water cooled units is very small. 4.3.1.3 Wet type cooling towers The cooling water that is used in the condenser is conveyed to a cooling tower in order to reduce its temperature so that it will be recycled and looped through the system. An important reduction of its temperature is accomplished in the tower. In small or medium size plants, such as geothermal power plants, cooling towers usually use mechanical ventilation (fan) for the advection of the air stream. In these plants cooling towers that are mostly used are cross-flow and traverse-flow. The typical temperature difference between the inlet and outlet cooling water is 10°C. The temperature of the cooling water that comes out of the cooling tower reaches at least 25°C, resulting in condensing temperatures around 40°C, depending on the ambient temperature [62]. Wet cooling towers combine the use of water as a cooling media to the condenser and benefit from its favourable heat capacity and heat transfer properties compared with air, while they do not need the large volumes of surface water needed in once through cooling systems. Instead, they evaporate water within the cooling tower, and need a much smaller quantity of makeup water to compensate the evaporation losses plus the water blow down necessary to maintain water quality. 4.3.1.4 Dry type cooling towers In dry type cooling towers, the temperature of the air that comes out of the tower in order to cool the fluid in the condenser is higher than 25°C. Typical values are 25-30°C resulting in condensing temperatures around 40-50°C [63] [64]. In a dry type cooling tower no water supply is necessary. Regarding auxiliary power consumption, they usually consume twice as 68PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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