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4.3 Condensers The heat dissipation system is of great importance for ORC power plants because of the significantly bigger quantities of rejected heat per unit of electricity output, compared to fossil or nuclear power plants, as well as the high sensitivity of the performance to temperature variations of the heat sink. The heat dissipated from the system is primarily the heat of condensation of the working fluid and can be defined in terms of the cycle efficiency. Because of the low thermal efficiency of ORC power plants running on low quality heat sources, the amount of waste heat per unit of work is approximately 5 to 7 times greater than from the average fossil fuel power plant [7]. The heat dissipation system in ORC units has a tremendous effect on the cycle efficiency. Carnot’s principle shows that the cycle performance is affected by the change of the heat sink temperature. Therefore, for the ORC, which does not reach high temperatures, assuring a low condensing temperature for the working fluid is of crucial importance. Hence, the efficiency and net power of the plant is increased if we decrease the condensing temperature. This can be achieved by condensing the fluid vapour at the lowest possible temperature as shown in figure 40. Figure 40 Net power output vs. Coolant inlet temperature trend for cooling tower and water cooled condensers 66PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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