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Pressures: The maximum operating pressure required in the ORC process should be appropriately chosen for example, high pressure processes require the use of expensive equipment and increasing complexity but also high pressure implies high densities and hence smaller heat exchanger and expander. Particular consideration is given to condensing pressure and volume as they are directly related to cycle operation and maintenance and equipment size. Compatible with lubricating oil: Organic fluids must coexist with lubricating oil. The selection of a suitable oil requires careful consideration of the desired physical and chemical properties, as well as the working fluid and materials of construction to be used. Numerous investigations of the behaviour of oils in contact with organic fluids have been conducted. In general, studies have shown that some oils are more stable toward organic fluids than others, with increased temperature accelerating the refrigerant-oil reaction. The reaction rate is also dependent on the kinds of metal in contact with the oil and organic fluid, the amount of air and moisture present, and the additives present in the oil. When in contact, an organic fluid and lubricating oil have a property known as mutual solubility. Organic fluids may be classified as completely miscible, partially miscible, or immiscible according to their mutual solubility relations with lubricating oils. Material Compatibility: The working fluids should be non-corrosive to the more common engineering materials used for the different components of the ORC such as pipes, heat exchangers, seals etc. Flash point: A working fluid with a high flash point should be used in order to avoid flammability. Specific heat: The liquid specific heat should be high meaning that less preheating is required. Thermal conductivity: A high conductivity represents a better heat transfer in heat-exchange components. The thermal conductivity must be high in order to achieve high heat transfer coefficients in both the employed condensers and vapourisers. Viscosity: The viscosity of the working fluid should be maintained low in both liquid and vapour phases in order to achieve a high heat transfer coefficient with reduced power consumption. Working fluid liquid and vapour viscosities have to be low to minimize frictional pressure drops and maximize convective heat transfer coefficients. Melting point: The melting point temperature should be lower than the lowest ambient operating temperature in order to ensure that the working fluid will remain in the liquid phase. 34PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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