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1.4 Energy conversion in ORC The current market niche for ORC systems depends on simplicity and affordability. The benefit of the technologies discussed in this thesis will demonstrate that the basic ORC is the favoured configuration and this has therefore been the focus of investigation and analysis. The systems considered are for the expansion of wet vapour as shown in figure 2, and superheated vapour, as shown in figure 4. The working fluid operates in a sealed, closed-loop cycle. The stream of geothermal brine or any other fluid carrying source heat enters the system through the network of heat exchangers in which heat is transferred to the working fluid. Typically, there are two stages of heat exchange, one occurring in a preheater, where the temperature of the working fluid is raised to its boiling point and the other in an evaporator, where the working fluid is vaporized. However, when the fluid is to be superheated, a third heat exchanger, the superheater, is added. After heat addition, high-pressure wet vapour is expanded. The exhaust of the organic fluid from this process can be anywhere between wet or superheated vapour, as a result of the characteristic retrograde shape of the working fluid saturation line. A superheated stream of exhaust vapour may enter directly to the condenser, where it is cooled and condensed. However, if economically feasible, it may first pass through another heat exchanger, the regenerator, which recovers part of the energy of the superheated vapour and transfers it to the liquid working fluid entering a preheater. After leaving the condenser, the liquid must be in the sub-cooled state at the pump inlet in order to avoid the onset of cavitation. The working fluid enters the pump, where its pressure is increased and returned directly, or through the regenerator, to the preheater. 4PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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