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1.1.2 ORC for waste heat recovery An ORC system, using an organic fluid instead of water as the working fluid is feasible in heat recovery from geothermal resources, exhaust gases of gas turbines and waste heat from industrial plants. The success of the ORC technology can be partly explained by its modular feature. This success is reinforced by the high technological maturity of most of its components due to their extensive use in refrigeration applications [3]. Moreover, such systems are more suitable for local and small scale power generation than conventional power generation systems. Today, they are commercially available in the MW power range. Many units have been installed for recovering power from geothermal and waste heat. However, very few have been installed in the kW range of outputs [3]. Low grade heat (80°C to 200°C) as in the industrial waste heat stream, solar heat trapped by collectors with low to medium ratios of concentration, low temperature geothermal sources, and cooling water streams of stationary engines are some of the sources that have been proposed which can be effectively used in ORC systems, as shown in figure 1 [3]. Figure 1 Various available waste heat sources for ORC The most important characteristic of waste heat sources is the extent of their availability, the temperature at which they are available, the temperature of the cooling medium, and the cost of converting the waste heat into useful power. Currently the market for ORC power systems lies in the range of hundreds of millions of U.S. dollars annually [4]. In the short term, an increase in environmental regulations will likely be the first catalyst to drive the market to a higher level before an increase occurs in the price of fossil fuels. Thus, the first area in which ORCs will find a potentially large market will be in kW scale waste heat utilization. Also the utilisation of waste heat will continue to increase due to the ongoing international effort to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases. 2PDF Image | study of ORC with the expansion process twin screw machines
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