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Chapter 6 Sensitivity analysis: moisture effects Concerning thermal power (Figure 6.6), one can observe a considerable increase with moisture if drying is not performed (+60%). The reason lies in what has just been described: an increasing wood mass flow rate is required with increasing moisture and this makes a higher gas mass flow rate available for the thermal process. On the other hand, wet biomass removes more and more heat from the hot stream with increasing moisture in case of gas drying, and thus the useful thermal power output decreases in this scenario (by about one third). Finally thermal power remains unvaried in case of natural drying. In all cases, in fact, wood enters the combustor with a moisture content of 20% and thus operating conditions do not vary: thermal power available for the process is always the same. Efficiencies behaviour is a consequence of power results. Concerning electrical efficiencies (Figure 6.8), natural and artificial drying cases lead to an increase (+3.5/4% absolute, +16/19% relative, respectively), since electric power remains unvaried (or very slightly decreases), while fuel power decreases considerably. Moreover, absolute results are analogous. On the other hand, it diminishes (-6% and -28%) if drying is not realised, because, electric power being constant, the chemical one increases. The progress of thermal efficiencies (Figure 6.9) is in general less easy to predict. Both thermal and chemical powers increase in case of no drying: numerically the former contribution is proportionally more effective and thus thermal efficiency raises (+9% absolute, +16% relative). In case of artificial drying, instead, both of the two considered power decrease: again, the thermal diminution is more effective, hence thermal efficiency decreases (-10% and -17%). Finally, natural drying leads to a thermal efficiency increase (+11% absolute, +19% relative), due to the constancy of thermal power and the diminution of the chemical one. First law efficiency can finally be evaluated starting from the two previous parameters (Figure 6.10). The electrical efficiency increase is roughly equal to the thermal efficiency decrease in case of no drying, therefore first law efficiency is about constant. On the contrary, a considerable increase is registered in case of natural drying (+15% in absolute terms, +19% in relative ones), due to the fact that both electrical and thermal efficiencies raise with moisture. Finally gas drying denotes analogous results to the previous analysis: thermal efficiency diminution is higher than electrical increase, and thus first law efficiency diminishes (-6% and -8%). 209PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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