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Chapter 4 Thermodynamic analysis • biomass drying; • air pre-heating; • thermal recovery of hot gases. A complete reference plant, modelled in ThermoflexTM is shown in Figure 4.12. First of all, air-preheating has been compared with the case of simple heat recovery for thermal purposes (further water process heating after the condensation phase). Table 4.1 shows results in terms of electrical, thermal and first law efficiencies (in both cases full biomass drying is performed). Results correspond with the declared performance shown in the previous chapter: in fact, in both cases, electrical efficiency calculated referring to thermal oil power input is 18% (though values shown in the table are the overall net ones, thus including the combustion process efficiency). Parameter Electrical efficiency Thermal efficiency First law efficiency Unit Pre-heating % 17.06 % 72.93 % 89.99 Heat recovery 15.13 75.30 90.43 Table 4.1 – Effect of air pre-heating compared to heat recovery in a cogenerative ORC. Beneficial effects of pre-heating in terms of electrical efficiency are predictable, but it is important to note that the inevitable penalisation concerning thermal production is limited as well, so that first law efficiency results to be almost equal. Therefore air- preheating is always considered in ORC plants with biomass furnace. On the other hand, the effect of providing biomass dryer and, again, recovery heat exchanger is studied in a crossed way, i.e. considering the four presence or absence combinations (obviously pre-heating is effected). Results are shown in Table 4.2. Parameter Electrical efficiency Thermal efficiency First law efficiency Drying + Unit heat recovery % 16.92 % 73.85 % 90.77 NO Drying + heat recovery 17.16 73.88 91.04 Drying + NO heat recovery 17.06 72.93 89.99 NO Drying + NO heat recovery 17.30 72.49 89.79 Table 4.2 – Effect of biomass drying and/or heat recovery in a cogenerative ORC. 133PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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