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Chapter 3 Working hypotheses and preliminary analysis For simplicity reasons, turbine cooling has never been considered (indeed, it should be applied only for 5 MWel configurations): equivalent results have been obtained adjusting the other parameters. As one can observe, the same cogenerative heat exchanger model has been used in all cases: pressure drop on water side has been fixed equal to zero, the same as for internal combustion engines. 3.5.4 Organic Rankine cycles Organic Rankine cycle plants taken as reference in this work are those manufactured by Turboden [2.17], whose performance has already been mentioned in Chapter 2. These plants use MDM as working fluid, but unfortunately it is not available in [TF]. Since it is not possible to add other fluids to those present in the library itself, the first operation was to find out among those being available a fluid having similar features regarding MDM to be used in the simulations. In particular benzene, which is actually studied as ORC fluid as well [3.16], has been chosen, as it presents an analogous T-s diagram form (it is a dry fluid too) and an almost equal critical temperature (289°C versus 291.2°C) with respect to MDM. On the other hand, the corresponding critical pressure is quite different (48.9 bar versus 14.4 bar) [2.19], thus operating pressures in the simulations were adjusted in order to match the desired temperatures. Turboden supplies two plant configurations: the first one exploits a high-temperature heat source (e.g. gas from biomass combustion) and is designed for CHP applications, while the second one uses low-temperature heat (e.g. from a geothermal source, waste gases, etc.) and is designed for pure power generation. Naturally these two solutions can “cross” each other, so that only electrical production is possible in the first case, as well as cogeneration is theoretically applicable in the second one (although the latter is generally unjustified). Data concerning both solutions are presented in Table 3.9: as one can see, available data are quite few. In this regard, it is important to remeber that technical data and performance are similar for all sizes, thus the reported ones are valid for all the considered solutions. Again, it must be specified that the reported electrical efficiency is calculated referring to the thermal power of oil: biomass furnace will be considered later. 123PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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