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Chapter 3 Working hypotheses and preliminary analysis Parameter Recovery heat exchanger Effectiveness Heatloss Head loss (water side) Head loss (gas side) Shaft Rotational speed Generator/motors Generator efficiency Auxiliaries motor efficiency Nominal performance Net electric power Electrical efficiency First law efficiency Unit 100 kWel 1 MWel 5 MWel (SEM) 5 MWel (REG) 5 MWel (VAP) % 91.8 91.8 91.8 %1 1 1 1 1 % 0 0 0 0 0 % 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 91.8 rpm 70,000 22,516 14,950 14,180 91.8 14,600 % 92 93 95 94.5 95.5 % 92 92 92 92 92 kWel 101.3 1068 4109 4211 5547 % 29.7 22.0 26.7 36.1 35.3 % 78.7 84.6 85.1 83.8 61.1 Table 3.8 – Gas turbines design data. (1012) (32.1) (81.3) Observing the nominal performance data, one can verify that they are in accordance with those reported in Chapter 2: the micro gas turbine has an electrical efficiency near to 30%; the 1 MWel model is characterised by poor design data (e.g. low TIT) and thus by low electrical efficiency and only the presence of the recuperator makes this parameter exceed 30%; the 5 MWel plant also has a lower efficiency with respect to regenerative plants of smaller size, while regenerative and STIG configurations reach 35 ÷ 36%. Naturally, simple cycle plants are on the contrary characterised by much better thermal efficiencies, so that first law efficiency is higher in this case, while it is a little lower in the regenerative case and much lower in the STIG solution (where most of the available heat is used to produce injection steam). In this last case, the heat recovery steam generator has been modelled by means of a simple heat exchanger: effectiveness has been fixed at 96%, but this has not to be considered an excessive value, since it yields a pinch temperature difference of 50 ÷ 60°C. Steam production (in terms of mass flow rate and temperature) then varies accordingly. 122PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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