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Chapter 3 Working hypotheses and preliminary analysis Instead, calculations in mass terms would be: αst,CO = MWair 2 MWCO αst,H2 = MWair 2 MWH2 = 2⋅16+3.76⋅2⋅14 kga/kmol = 2.45 kga (3.6) 2 (12+16) kgf /kmol kgf = 2 ⋅16 + 3.76 ⋅ 2 ⋅14 kga /kmol = 34.32 kga (3.7) 2 (2⋅1) kgf /kmol kgf Finally it is possible to calculate the overall air amount necessary to burn a syngas unit, weighting the different αst values on the mass fractions: αst,syngas = ∑αst,i ⋅ Yi = αst,CO ⋅ YCO + αst,H2 ⋅ YH2 + αst,CH4 ⋅ YCH4 = i = 2.45kga ⋅0.231+34.32kga ⋅0.016+17.16kga ⋅0.007 =1.24kga (3.8) kgf kgf kgf kgf Obviously this value depends on the actual syngas composition, however it is normally included in the range 1 ÷ 1.3 kga/kgf. As syngas is already diluted with a considerable amount of nitrogen (inherited from gasification air), the need to apply a lean burn configuration now becomes less pressing. Therefore these engines can generally work near to stoichiometric conditions [3.10]. On the other hand, larger amounts of air can also suitably be used: in order to cover a wide spread of possibilities, it can be assumed that λ ranges in 1 ÷ 1.5 (i.e. an excess air of 0 ÷ 50%), that means a corresponding air to fuel ratio of about 1.2 ÷ 1.85 kga/kgf. In order to calculate syngas LHV for the examined case, the single values of the three fuel gases present in syngas have to be taken into account: they are shown in Table 3.4. Compound LHV [MJ/kg] CO 10.1 H2 120 CH4 50 Table 3.4 – LHV of the three fuel gases present in the syngas [TF]. 112PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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