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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants while the oxidiser (e.g. air) is being supplied to the cathode (the positive electrode, where oxygen reduction with electrons coming from the external circuit connected to the anode occurs); the chemical reaction takes place by means of an ions exchange through the electrolyte and produces power by closing the circuit between the electrodes. Figure 2.31 – Operational scheme of a fuel cell (adapted from[2.23]). Fuel cells are normally classified according to the electrolyte type in the following families: • Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cells; • Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFC); • Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFC); • Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFC) Among these, only PAFCs have reached a commercial stage, although investment costs are still considerably high (3000 €/kWel). However, this value is expected to decrease significantly in the next years. Possible CHP applications are due to the fact that some of these models work at medium (PAFC) or high (MCFC and SOFC) temperature, that is being kept by supplying heat (burning a share of the fuel), partly recoverable downstream of the process. Moreover, high-temperature fuel cells can be integrated with gas turbines, 90PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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