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Chapter 2 Small-scale power plants 2.6 Other technologies Apart from those described in the previous sections, there are other technologies that could be potentially used for power generation starting from biomass. They have not been considered in this work for various reasons: immaturity of the technology, poor performance, high costs, etc., or because they do not represent a possible solution on the considered scales. However, some of them deserve a brief description: in particular, Stirling engines, steam engines and fuel cells have been taken into account. 2.6.1 Stirling engines Stirling engines (Figure 2.27) like ICEs, are reciprocating machines, but differently from the latter they are not interested by internal combustion, being fed with heat coming from an external source: a combustor, where any fuel (obviously including biomass) can be burnt, possibly also waste heat, etc. Working cycle is thus closed and therefore working fluid (a gas) can be anyone: helium, nitrogen, air, etc. Figure 2.27 – Pictures of a 9 kWel CHP Stirling engine package [2.2]. Stirling engines are based on the thermodynamic cycle bearing the same name. As schematised in Figure 2.28, it is composed of an isothermal compression (1-2), performed by heat release to a cold medium, that can be the water stream designed for a cogenerative use, an isochoric process (2-3), where fluid absorbs heat passing through a hot porous regenerator, an isothermal expansion (3-4), realised supplying heat from the hot source, and a final isochoric process (4-1), where hot working fluid releases heat to the aforementioned regenerator. 86PDF Image | SMALL-SCALE BIOMASS POWER GENERATION
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