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summary of generalized design methodologies, and (ii) the assessment of non-conventional machine architec- tures: the research presented in this chapter aims at exploring both. The first critical evaluation of the radial-outflow turbine (ROT) architecture as a candidate technology for ORC turbo-generators is presented, together with a novel methodological framework for the design of these machines. The results of several design exercises show that the ROT is a promising concept, which allows for the realization of efficient, compact, and reliable turbo-expanders in any power-output level of interest. Chapter 4 deals with the assessment of a novel thermal storage systems tailored to high-temperature ORC systems for concentrating solar power (CSP) applications, stemming from the observation that the direct storage of the ORC working fluids can be effective thanks to their favourable ther- modynamic properties. The concept of complete flashing cycle (CFC) is introduced as a mean of achieving an unmatched system layout simplification, while preserving conversion efficiency. This is a new variant of the Rankine cycle, whereby the vapour is produced by throttling the organic working fluid from liquid to saturated vapour conditions. The main trade-offs appearing in the de- sign phase of such systems, involving the global efficiency, the storage dimensions and pressure, and the expansion ratio across the turbine, are investigated. Also the dynamic performance of an exemplary plant are assessed by mean of simulation, preliminary proving the feasibility of remotely controlled operation. This study has the potential of opening up new possibilities of dissemination for solar-powered ORC engines. Chapter 5 shifts the focus of the analysis from component- to system-level, presenting a method- ology for the optimal design of modern power generation systems, accounting for the increasingly demanding requirements in terms of operational flexibility. The innovative element is the possibility of considering the dynamic performance since a very early phase of the design procedure. The test case presented is the preliminary design of an off-grid power plant serving an off-shore platform, where a gas turbine engine is combined with an ORC power module. The solutions of a stationary model of this combined plant are used to identify its optimal configurations. A dynamic model of each of these systems is thus automatically parameterized, by inheriting its parameters values from the design model results, and used to assess the performance of the modeled system under the tran- sient scenarios of interest. Again, in the considered example it is shown that the proposed combined procedure allows to discriminate among the initial set of solutions, in order to provide the designs that also comply with dynamic requirements. These tools might be valuable for the preliminary design of first-of-a-kind systems with demanding dynamic requirements, also in fields other than energy conversion. Chapter 6 explores the potential of innovative operating strategies in the context of thermal energy storage management for concentrating solar power plants. As the main novelties, a complete finan- cial analysis is used to this end, and the impact on the system design is investigated. The method- ology is applied to a test case, a state-of-the-art central receiver plant with direct storage, using molten salts as working fluid, and selling energy in a context of variable electricity prices. Different operating strategies are compared, and a wide system design space is considered. The potential of these techniques is discussed also under the point of view of investment cost reduction, showing how the same yearly revenue can be harvested with a smaller energy storage, if optimally operated. The novel method is an additional decision tool allowing to treat the storage operation strategy as a new variable in the design of next generation energy systems. This could be of particular interest for ORC-based CSP systems operating in the envisaged distributed generation scenario. 236PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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