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Summary A sharp inversion regarding the current trends of energy consumption and related emissions of global greenhouse gases is needed in order to harmonize our life to the planet resources and, ulti- mately, in order to survive. It is a shared idea that, to this end, a sustainable energy system has to be conceived, made to be smarter, more decentralized, and more integrated than what we know today. In the author’s opinion, energy conversion systems based on the organic Rankine thermodynamic cycle (ORC) have the potential to play a major role in this envisaged framework, and the work hereby documented stems primarily from this belief. Several contributions are presented, in order to illustrate the original results of numerical and ex- perimental research aimed at investigating the potential of molecularly heavy and complex organic compounds as working fluids for the ORC power systems of the future. This thesis is divided into two main parts, in turn constituted by self-contained chapters, each addressing a specific sub-topic. The material presented is at the basis of several publications on peer-reviewed international jour- nals: five papers are already published, one has been accepted for publication, and two are about to be submitted for publication. The first part presents the contributions to the research in the field of energy conversion systems, focusing on ORC turbo-generators. An introductory review on ORC systems, with an overview of their history, the description of the state-of-the-art from both the academic and the industrial perspective, and an outlook to envisaged paths of development is contained in Chapter 2. The cumulative global capacity of ORC systems, which is undergoing a rapid growth started a decade ago, is expected to grow much more in the fu- ture. The potential for the conversion into electricity of the thermal power coming from renewable and renewable-like sources is huge, and ORC power systems are one of the most flexible candidate conversion technologies to this end, both in terms of capacity and temperature levels. A com- prehensive overview of the applications, technical solutions, and of the ORC plants which reached commercial operation in the last 20 years is presented, with a collection of data harvested within the major manufacturers. The work is intended as a reference for both the Academic and the Industrial audience, and could prove particularly useful in avoiding the repetition of studies/attempts/experi- ments which have been already carried out in the past. Chapter 3 documents the original research conducted in the field of ORC turbo-expanders, which constitute the most critical components when efficient systems have to be designed. The variety of possible working fluids, the complex gas dynamic phenomena encountered, and the lack of simpli- fied design methods based on experience on similar machines, make the design of efficient turbines a complicated task. Relevant paths of development may thus be concerned with (i) the development 235PDF Image | New Concepts FOR Organic Rankine Cycle Power Systems
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