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Air-source heat pumps They use the same vapour-compression cycle as a refrigeration system, but have additional components to pump heat in either direction enabling the equipment to provide both cooling or heating. The additional components make heat pumps fully reversible. Water-source heat pumps They may use a boiler as a heat source during the winter and an evaporative cooling tower (“boiler/tower system”) to reject heat during the summer. The water loop temperature is maintained between 16 and 32°C. When the loop temperature falls below 16°C, the boiler adds heat, and when the loop temperature exceeds 32°C, the cooling tower rejects heat. Ground source heat pumps These are an important technology for utilization of low enthalpy geothermal energy and are described in the following sections. 5.3.1 Geothermal (“Ground source”) heat pumps (GSHPs) These are in some ways similar to water loop systems where the boiler and cooling tower have been replaced with a buried earth heat exchanger. Heat is absorbed from or rejected to the ground, and/or the groundwater, and there is no need to provide the external energy to operate a boiler or cooling tower. Ground source heat pumps come in a variety of configurations including: • Open Loop - single well and drainage field; - double well; - standing column well; • Closed loop - horizontal closed loop: - straight pipe runs; - slinky pipe coils. - vertical closed loop; - submerged loop; - direct exchange (DX) loop; • Underground thermal energy storage (UTES). • Hybrid - ground loops and pond; - ground loops and cooling tower; - ground loops and solar collector. 2010 GNS Science Report 2010/20 22PDF Image | Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy
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