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5.1.2 Spontaneous discharging wells Depending on the conditions encountered in the source aquifer a well might be artesian or discharge spontaneously. Under these circumstances there is no requirement for a pump to be installed in the well. 5.1.3 Heat exchangers A range of heat exchangers have been used in geothermal systems as follows: • plate heat exchangers; • shell and tube exchangers; • downhole heat exchangers. 5.1.3.1 Plate heat exchanger A plate heat exchanger is a series of individual plates with gaskets held together in a frame by clamping rods (Figure 15). Gaskets placed between the individual plates maintain separation between the hot geothermal fluid and the clean fluid to be heated in the alternating plate flow paths. The units can generally be readily dismantled to clean the plates. Figure 15 Plate heat exchanger. Plate heat exchangers are relatively low-pressure and low temperature devices and current maximum design ratings are for temperatures of about 150°C and pressures of about 20 bar. The temperature is limited by the gasket material used. 2010 GNS Science Report 2010/20 15PDF Image | Low Enthalpy Geothermal Energy
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