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gas plants have begun to displace hydropower, as in the case of Peru. This change is shifting the electricity generation mix back towards fossil fuels and will result in an increase in the carbon footprint of the region. This scenario could be further exacerbated with the entry of shale gas into the regional energy market. Shale gas is a natural gas obtained from the hydraulic fracturing of rocks – ‘fracking’ – a technique that has prompted environmental concerns because of the high risk of leaks and water contamination and fears of triggering earthquakes. Unlike the US, Latin America and the Caribbean have not yet started the exploitation of this resource,29, 30 but it is known that there are significant reserves of shale gas across the region. Nuclear energy does not make a significant contribution to the regional energy matrix, accounting for only 1% of energy delivered (See Figure 1). However, some countries, such as Argentina, Mexico and Brazil, plan to increase their nuclear generation capacity, while countries including Chile, Ecuador and Uruguay have already conducted studies which represent the first steps towards the implementation of nuclear facilities. The risks associated with nuclear energy are much more pronounced than those associated with any of the forms of renewable energy, with potentially enormous environmental, social and health impacts in the event of accidents, together with the problem of storing spent fuel rods that will remain radioactive for millions of years. Figure 5. Future energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission trends in the region 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2005 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060 2070 2080 2090 2100 EJ - exajoule 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 MtCO2 eq/year - Metric tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent Source: Global Energy Assessment Scenario Database. Version 2.0.2.31 Low-Carbon Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: Evolution, experiences and challenges 11 Final Energy Consumption (EJ/year) GHG emissions (MtCO2eq/year)PDF Image | Low-Carbon Development in Latin America
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