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6.3 THE LEVELISED COST OF SOLAR PV The LCOE of c‐Si residential PV systems without battery storage was estimated to be between USD 0.28 and USD 0.70/kWh in 2010. This is estimated to have declined to between USD 0.25 and USD 0.65/kWh in 2011 with the reduction in c‐Si module prices in 2011. However, by the second quarter of 2012 continued reductions in PV module prices and total installed costs meant that these values had already been eclipsed by even lower costs of electricity. The LCOE of typical small‐scale systems in Germany, for instance, had fallen to between USD 0.19/kWh to USD 0.27/kWh by the second quarter of 2012, which is lower than most residential tariffs. In the United States, where installed costs are higher, the LCOE of residential systems for the second quarter of 2012 was estimated to vary between USD 0.23 and USD 0.50/kWh. Cost reductions mean that the LCOE of the latest utility‐scale projects in 2012 are increasingly competitive. Figure 6.9 presents the LCOE ranges and capacity weighted averages for PV projects in non‐OECD regions between 2010 and 2012. The range of the LCOE varies from a low of between USD 0.11 to USD 0.31/kWh for a small number of projects in Latin America to between USD 0.15 to USD 0.35/kWh in China for typical projects. The widest range occurs in Other Asia, however, the most expensive projects in this region are in South Korea and have high capital costs and relatively low capacity factors. Excluding these South Korean projects reduces the range for Other Asia to between USD 0.15 to USD 0.56/kWh. These values compare to LCOEs for utility‐scale projects in Germany that have fallen to between USD 0.16 and USD 0.23/kWh. 0.70 0.60 0.50 0.40 0.30 0.20 0.10 0.00 Africa Middle Other East Asia China India Latin America FIGURE 6.9: THE LCOE AND WEIGHTED AVERAGES OF COMMISSIONED AND PROPOSED LARGE-SCALE SOLAR PV SYSTEMS IN NON-OECD COUNTRIES/REGIONS, 2010 TO 2012 SOURCE: IRENA RENEWABLE COST DATABASE. Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012: An Overview 57 2011 USD/kWhPDF Image | International Renewable Energy Agency
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