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A brief review of the LCOE range for hydropower in countries with the largest installed capacity is revealing. At the best sites, the LCOE of hydro is very competitive and can provide the cheapest electricity available in the world today (Figure 5.8). Although the range of estimated costs is wide, much of the higher cost potential will never be built. 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 Small Large Small Large Small Large Small Large Small Large Small Large Small Large Small Large European United Africa Eastern Other Asia China India Union States Europe and Central Asia Latin America FIGURE 5.8: LEVELISED COST OF ELECTRICITY RANGES AND WEIGHTED AVERAGES OF SMALL AND LARGE HYDROPOWER PROJECTS BY REGION SOURCE: IRENA RENEWABLE COST DATABASE. Figure 5.8 emphasises that globally, where significant untapped resources remain, hydropower is still capable of providing the lowest‐cost electricity of any generation type. Average costs for new capacity are low and typically range between USD 0.04 and USD 0.06/kWh depending on the region. Countries in the European Union are an exception, as most of the economic hydropower potential has already been exploited. New projects are few and far between and face long lead times. Figure 5.9 presents the LCOE of small hydropower projects in developing countries, broken down by source and highlights just how competitive small hydropower can be for grid‐supply, rural electrification and economic development. The share of O&M costs in the LCOE of the hydropower projects examined ranges from 1% to 6%. The largest share of the LCOE is taken up by the costs for the electro‐mechanical equipment and the civil works. The share of the electro‐mechanical equipment in the total LCOE ranged from a low of 17% to a high of 50%, with typical values falling in the range 21% to 31%. The cost of civil works made the highest contribution to the total LCOE in nine of the projects examined and their share ranged from zero (for an existing dam project) to a high of 63%. In some remote projects, grid connection and electrical infrastructure dominated costs and were significant, without being dominant, in a number of other projects. Similarly, infrastructure and logistical costs can be a significant contributor to overall costs where site access is difficult and/or far from existing infrastructure. Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012: An Overview 47 2011 USD/kWhPDF Image | International Renewable Energy Agency
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