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USD million Share Total 62.00 69.1% Contingency 4.50 5.0% TOTAL EPC 80.23 89.5% Planning & other Development costs & fees 2.00 2.2% Final development and feasibility studies 0.25 0.3% Licence for generation 0.05 0.1% EPC costs 0.10 0.1% Financial closing costs 0.15 0.2% Legal 0.25 0.3% Land agreement fee 0.43 0.5% Other costs 0.20 0.2% Construction management 0.51 0.6% Rights of way 0.25 0.3% Owners’ insurance 0.57 0.6% Cash balance & collateral 1.00 1.1% Debt service reserve 2.40 2.7% Total 8.16 9.1% Financing costs Lender upfront fees 1.25 1.4% Letter of credit 0.05 0.1% Total financing costs 1.30 1.4% TOTAL COST 89.69 100.0% Offshore wind farms have significantly higher grid connection, construction costs and other project costs than onshore wind farms. These account for a higher SOURCE: UNFCCC CDM DATABASE. share of total installed costs than in onshore wind farms, lowering the share of wind turbines to between 30% and 50% for typical projects (Table 4.2). TABLE 4.2: COMPARISON OF CAPITAL COST BREAKDOWN FOR TYPICAL ONSHORE AND OFFSHORE WIND POWER SYSTEMS IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES 1 Wind turbine costs include the turbine production, transportation and installation of the turbine. 2 Grid connection costs include cabling, substations and buildings. 3 The construction costs include building roads and other related infrastructure required for installation of wind turbines. 4 Other capital costs here include development and engineering costs, licensing procedures, consultancy and permits, SCADA (Supervisory, Control and Data Acquisition) and monitoring systems. SOURCE: BLANCO, 2009; EWEA, 2009; DOUGLAS WESTWOOD, 2010; AND MAKE CONSULTING, 2011. Onshore Offshore Wind turbine cost share (%) 1 64-84 30-50 Grid connection cost share (%) 2 9-14 15-30 Construction cost share (%) 3 4-10 15-25 Other capital cost share (%) 4 4-10 8-30 30 Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2012: An OverviewPDF Image | International Renewable Energy Agency
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