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3. Thermodynamic Analysis The pre-described system is simulated by a code developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). The following assumptions are made in the analyses of the overall system and sub-systems: - All the processes and sub-systems are steady state. - The expander and all pumps are adiabatic devices. - Negligible pressure losses occur in any of the Organic Rankine Cycle devices and its piping system. - The dead state temperature is 288 K for the base case in all the exergy analysis calculations. - Condenser cooling water temperature is 288 K. The energy balance, based on the first law of thermodynamics, is applied to each of the system components. The general steady state form of the energy balance equation for any components can be written as follows: ̇̇ where ̇ and ̇ represent the heat transfer and work energy crossing the component boundaries and ̇ and represent the mass flow rate and the specific enthalpy of the streams of the system working fluid. Exergy analysis has become one of the most important tools for the design and analysis of thermal systems[16]. It is based on the second law of thermodynamics. Exergy is a measure of the system state departure from the environment state and is considered also as a measure of the quality of energy [17]. It can be thermodynamically defined as the maximum theoretical useful work that can be obtained from the system when it interacts to equilibrium with the surrounding environment [5, 16-18]. Applying the exergy balance on the system components at steady state, the exergy destruction in each component can be calculated as follows: ̇̇̇ ∑̇ ∑̇ (2) ∑̇ ∑̇ (1) where ̇ represents the exergy destruction rate that occurs at the device i, ̇ and ̇ represent the exergy rate due to work and heat transfer across the system boundaries, and the term ̇ represents the exergy rate carried with the flow in and out from the system. The exergy transfer due to heat and work can be expressed as follows: ̇∑̇ (3) ̇̇ (4) where To is the dead state temperature that describes the state at which the system is in unrestricted equilibrium with the environment and it cannot undergo any state change through any kind of interaction with the environment [18, 19] and T is the temperature on the boundary at which heat transfer occurs. 3PDF Image | Exergoeconomic Analyses and Optimization of Geothermal ORC
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