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distillates as a power source (Nexant 2010, p. 1.8). The cost of fossil-fuel energy for St. Kitts and Nevis could be reduced by expanding the regional petroleum facilities in Antigua (Nexant 2010, p. 7.22). 3.5.8.2 Renewable Energy Table 15. St. Kitts and Nevis Renewable Energy Potential Technology Value Hydro Wind Geothermal The implementation of wind and geothermal projects on St. Kitts and Nevis marks a major step forward in the nation’s energy outlook. If these sources can be completed as planned, the federation would exceed its renewable energy target of 20% before 2015. 3.5.8.2.1 Hydro St. Kitts and Nevis have no appreciable hydro resources (Wilson 2009, p. 144). 3.5.8.2.2 Wind Wind resources across St. Kitts and Nevis were mapped in 2007 by GTZ (GSEII 2009). Findings indicated average wind speeds of 6.18 m/s on St. Kitts and 7.89 m/s on Nevis (Wilson 2009, p. 108). St. Kitts plans to develop 10 MW of wind energy by 2012. In 2009, the government agreed to further assessments at several sites on the northern side of St. Kitts (Wilson 2009, pp. 100,108). In the interim, a 2.2-MW Maddens Wind Farm currently is operational in Nevis. The nameplate capacity of Maddens Wind Farm represents 20% of peak demand (SKN Vibes News 2010). The farm is a U.S. $3.7 million investment made by Canadian firm WindWatt. It’s development started in 2008, when a power purchase agreement (PPA) was signed (GSEII 2009). The PPA for the Maddens Wind Farm, commissioned in 2010 represents “the first of its kind in the English-speaking Caribbean,” and was completed with help of OAS/GSEII (St. Kitts Daily News 2010). 3.5.8.2.3 Geothermal Geothermal energy has been considered at five sites on Nevis since at least 1998, whereas St. Kitts has been less explored (Huttrer 2005). Regional geothermal IPP West Indies Power has been exploring geothermal power in Nevis since 2007, and began exploratory drilling in 2008 (West Indies Power 2008). It signed a power purchase agreement with NEVLEC in 2009 (Wilson 2009, p. 99). As of 2010, WIP was to start constructing a 10-MW plant in Nevis, including drilling new production and injection wells. The plant was to be financed by the Bank of Nova Scotia (Scotiabank), with a guarantee from the Export Import Bank of the United States (EXIM), for approximately U.S. $30 million, and was expected to come None indicated 5 MW, Moderate potential (5% to 10% of existing capacity) 300 MW (Nexant 2010, p. 8.36) 50 MW (Joseph 2008) High potential (>25% of existing capacity) 16 MW (PV), Moderate potential (5 – 10% of existing capacity) Solar Biomass and Other Sources: Quantitative estimate, Nexant 2010, p. 8.36; qualitative and proportion of existing capacity, Wilson 2009, p. 144; geothermal, Joseph 2008; biomass, de Cuba & Rivera-Ramirez 2007. 10 MW, High potential (>25% of existing capacity) 67PDF Image | Energy Policy and Analysis Caribbean
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