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YEAR ROUND ICE HOTEL CHILLED BY HOT SPRING WATER Donald C. Erickson, Icksoo Kyung, Ellen Makar, Energy Concepts Co.; Gwen P. Holdmann, Chena Hot Springs ABSTRACT A double lift absorption chiller (“ThermoChiller”) was installed in the Aurora Ice Museum at Chena Hot Springs, Alaska. The ThermoChiller runs on locally available 75.5oC hot spring water, and provides 4.26 kW of –28.8oC chilling. The ThermoChiller successfully kept the Ice Museum frozen year round, and thus allowed summer visitors to experience winter amenities at the resort. The ThermoChiller was custom designed to deliver very cold chilling from a low temperature heat source, by using a double lift ammonia absorption cycle. The Chena Ice Museum is the only such structure in the world to remain frozen year round. BACKGOUND Chena Hot Springs Resort is located seventy miles northeast of Fairbanks, Alaska, and is a year-round wilderness resort. The main attractions are the natural hot springs and the fantastic views of the Aurora Borealis. Chena assembled the first version of the Aurora Ice Hotel (now renamed the Aurora Ice Museum) in January 2004. The ice hotel is the first of its kind to be built in the United States, and one of just a handful worldwide. The museum features a great hall and lounge area with ice carvings created by 12 time world champion ice sculptor, Steve Brice. Long daylight hours, plus summer temperatures in the 30’s melted the first Aurora Ice Hotel in July, 2004. An ambitious plan to redesign the 2005 version of the Ice Museum so as to stay frozen year-round was formulated in late 2004. The limiting factor in using a traditional vapor compression chiller big enough to keep the hotel frozen is the cost of electricity at this remote site. Electricity at the resort is provided by diesel generators at a cost of 30¢ per kWh. In part because of the premium rate of electric power onsite, the owners have extensively developed the geothermal resource for direct use applications. Two geothermal wells producing 757 lpm to 2,650 lpm provide heating for 46 buildings onsite. In the interest of taking advantage of the geothermal resource to provide refrigeration for the Ice Hotel, the resort owners contacted Energy Concepts in December 2004 and ordered a custom built absorption chiller to keep the museum ‘on ice’ year round, without the high cost of generated electricity. The ammonia-water absorption cycle can be driven by any heat source: hot water, steam, or exhaust gas. It requires cooling water for the condenser and absorber. Standard packaged units are available in capacities up to 57 kW1. However, like many other low-temperature heat driven applications, this Chena Hot Springs unit is so specialized that a custom unit is required. A similar custom unit was installed in Kotzebue, Alaska twelve years ago, which makes ice using 74oC engine jacket coolant as the heat source2. CYCLE Energy Concepts designed a double lift ammonia water absorption cycle, using the hot spring water as the driving heat (322 lpm @ 73oC). Figure 1 is the cycle diagram, and Figure 2 depicts the design statepoints. The ammonia-water pair is uniquely suited to deliver this performance, since it can accept heat over a temperature glide, and deliver very low temperature chilling. Hot spring water is abundant at Chena, and cold river water (303 lpm @ 4.4oC) is available to cool the absorbers and condenser. Proprietary heat and mass exchangers are used throughout the cycle to give high thermal performance, in a compact, low cost package. 1 1. Erickson, D. C., Anand, G., Kyung, I., Makar, E., and Panchal, C. B., 2005. “Absorption Refrigeration and/or Power Cycles for Industrial Waste Heat Applications.” ISHPC-003-2005, International Sorption Heat Pump Conference, June 22-24, Denver, CO., USA. 2. Erickson, D. C., 1995. “Waste-Heat Powered Icemaker for Isolated Fishing Villages.” ASHRAE Transactions, CH-95-18-3, pp. 1185-1188.PDF Image | YEAR ROUND ICE HOTEL CHILLED BY HOT SPRING WATER
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