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Derived from ASPEN model (NREL): Out_kWe = f(In_temp, flow), Out_Temp = f(In_temp, flow). STEC storage control algorithm determines storage/ORC flow split and mixed return temperature to solar field Existing STEC Type 197 constant temperature trough Dispatch stored energy during APS peak New Type 502 thermocline storage created from TRNSYS Type 10. Validated with Solar One data. hours to several days) to complete an annual simulation. The problems were believed to be caused by the detailed models of the Rankine equipment (Figure 4) and solar equipment, as well as the short time step required by the differential-equation model of the storage tank [6]. In an effort to solve these problems it was decided to retain the detailed models of the solar equipment and storage tank but to greatly simplify the model for the organic Rankine power block. Using this approach, we were able to complete a stable annual simulation (using 3-minute time steps) in less than 1-minute of computer time. The TRNSYS model of Saguaro with storage is depicted in Figure 5. It is a combination of standard TRNSYS components, new components developed by the authors, and a library of components (called STEC) developed by the SolarPACES international working group [9]2. The model input is an hourly insolation and weather file, based on a typical metereological year (TRNSYS component Type 89). The model output (temperatures, flows, turbine power, etc.) is written to standard TRNSYS Type 25 output files. The ORC and storage models merit further discussion. Rather than a detailed model of all components in the ORC power block, the system was represented by 2 transfer functions; the inputs to the functions were solar-field flow rate and exit temperature, and the outputs were solar-field return temperature and turbine-generator power output. The transfer functions depicted in Figure 6 were developed with a modified version of a previous Aspen3 simulation model of the ORC [7]. Another transfer function (not shown) was also implemented that relates the effect that wet-bulb temperature 2 The mathematical models for the TRNSYS components are fully described in [5] and [9]. 3 Aspen Plus® is a steady-state simulation language developed by Aspen Technology, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts. has on condenser cooling water temperature and on the turbine power [8]. The basis of the thermocline tank model was the standard TRNSYS Type 10 component. The tank is divided into Fig. 5 TRNSYS model of Saguaro with storage 200.0 150.0 100.0 50.0 0.0 200 220 240 260 280 300 Inlet T (C) ORC Outlet T = f(Inlet T, Flowrate) 17158 kg/h 25738 kg/h 28789 kg/h 34317 kg/h 42896 kg/h 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 200 220 240 260 Inlet T (C) 280 300 ORC kW=f(InletT,Flowrate) 17158 kg/h 25738 kg/h 28789 kg/h 34317 kg/h 42896 kg/h Fig. 6 ORC transfer functions developed by ASPEN several equally-sized control volumes (23 stacked cylinders used here) and a first-order differential equation describes the energy balance of each. The Type 10 component is improved relative to a previous model of a thermocline tank [10]. The previous model did not allow thermal conduction between 3 Copyright © 2006 by ASME kW Outlet T (C)PDF Image | PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THERMOCLINE ENERGY STORAGE
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