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receiver includes a number of improvements that increase performance and reliability of the heat collection elements. Although relatively small in size, the APS parabolic trough project is playing an important role in the reintroduction of parabolic trough technology into the U.S. power markets. It also helps APS meet the solar-production requirements defined by the state of Arizona’s Environmental Portfolio Standard. Fig. 2 Solar One’s thermocline storage tank To achieve the long-term economic goals established for trough technology, low cost energy storage must be included in the plant design [1]. Saguaro is currently operating without energy storage. However, APS and the national labs are actively pursuing a possible future retrofit to increase the size of the solar field and to install an energy storage system. Studies predict a thermocline-type storage should be the most cost-effective storage concept [2]. If such a system can be successfully demonstrated at Saguaro, future trough plants will likely adopt this storage technology. Nexant Incorporated has proposed a thermocline system for Saguaro that is a scaled-down version of the system demonstrated at the Solar One power tower in the 1980’s [3,4]. A thermocline tank is one that uses a single tank to store thermal energy (Figures 2 and 3). A thermal gradient separates the hot from the cold fluid. Low-cost gravel is used to displace the higher-cost heat-transfer fluid (HTF) (a synthetic oil). The gravel as well as buoyant forces helps to maintain the thermal gradient. When the system is charged, cold HTF is drawn from the bottom of the tank, heated by the solar field and returned to the top of the tank. When the tank is discharged, hot HTF is drawn from the top of the tank and cooled as it passes through the ORC power conversion equipment (Figure 4). Fig. 3 Proposed integration of thermocline storage tank into Saguaro plant The proposed system will store 30 MWh of thermal energy. This will allow the ORC to operate at full load for 6 hours after sundown to meet APS’s need for electricity during the evening peak period. The analysis presented here evaluates the time-dependent performance of the proposed storage system with the TRNSYS computer code [5]. TRNSYS MODEL OF SAGUARO Previous TRNSYS models of complete solar power plants with thermocline storage experienced numerical stability problems and/or required excessive computer time (several Fig. 4 The 1 MWe ORC at Saguaro is powered by solar-heated oil with a maximum temperature of 300 Co. The ORC working fluid is pentane. 2 Copyright © 2006 by ASMEPDF Image | PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THERMOCLINE ENERGY STORAGE
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