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460 T. Coumaressin & K. Palaniradja 1. Introduction The rapid industrialization has led to unprecedented growth, development and technological advancement across the globe. Today global warming and ozone layer depletion on the one hand and spiraling oil prices on the other hand have become main challenges. Excessive use of fossil fuels is leading to their sharp diminution and nuclear energy is not out of harm’s way. In the face of imminent energy resource crunch there is need for developing thermal systems which are energy efficient. Thermal systems like refrigerators and air conditioners consume large amount of electric power. It is essential to developing energy efficient refrigeration and air conditioning systems with nature friendly refrigerants. The rapid advances in nanotechnology have lead to emerging of new generation heat transfer fluids called nanofluids. Nanofluids are prepared by suspending nano sized particles (1-100nm) in conventional fluids and have higher thermal conductivity than the base fluids. Nanofluids have the following characteristics compared to the normal solid liquid suspensions. i) higher heat transfer between the particles and fluids due to the high surface area of the particles ii) better dispersion stability with predominant Brownian motion iii)reduces particle clogging iv) reduced pumping power as compared to base fluid to obtain equivalent heat transfer. Based on the applications, nanoparticles are currently made out of a very wide variety of materials, the most common of the new generation of nanoparticles being ceramics, which are best split into metal oxide ceramics, such as titanium, zinc, aluminium and iron oxides, to name a prominent few and silicate nanoparticles, generally in the form of nanoscale flakes of clay. By addition of nanoparticles to the refrigerant results in improvements in the thermophysical properties and heat transfer characteristics of the refrigerant, thereby improving the performance of the refrigeration system. In a vapour compression refrigeration system the nanoparticles can be added to the lubricant . HFC 134a is the mostly widely used alternative refrigerant in refrigeration equipment such as domestic refrigerators and air conditioners. Though the global warming up potential of HFC134a is relatively high, it is affirmed that it is a long term alternative refrigerants in lots of countries. An experiment on vapour compression refrigeration test rig has been conducted to calculate the refrigeration effect and coefficient of performance of the test rig to determine the potential places to enhance the refrigeration effect. Mathematical modeling is done on the test section of an evaporator tube using partial differential equations. Theoretical analysis has been done on the evaporator test section. Using the GAMBIT software the mesh of the evaporator test section is designed and using the FLUENT software the heat transfer analysis is done for various concentrations of the CuO nano particles. 2. Literature Survey Many investigators have conducted studies on vapour compression refrigeration systems and to study the effect of nanoparticle in the refrigerant as well as lubricant on its performance. Pawel et al. (2005) conducted studies on nanofluids and found thatPDF Image | Performance Analysis of a Refrigeration System Using Nano Fluid
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