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III. NATIONAL ACTIVITIES UNITED STATES Figure 17.4 Coso geothermal power plant, California. 17.8.2 Exploration As Dan Schochet, vice president of ORMAT International, has said: “the low-hanging fruit has already been picked, and the U.S. should get serious about researching the vast resources that are undoubtedly waiting to be found. More funding is needed to do research with exploring for geothermal activity using surface technology, not drills.” In response to this imperative, the exploration technologies portion of the GTP focuses on the evaluation and development of advanced methods to identify potential resource targets and remotely detect active permeable fracture systems that define a hydrothermal reservoir. Finding resources where there is little or no surface evidence of a geothermal system is an inherently difficult activity. Because the sensitivity and resolution of known geophysical techniques are not adequate for consistent identification of high quality resources, techniques with higher resolution are required. Currently, about one exploratory well in five discovers a viable geothermal resource. Investors are reluctant to assume such a high level of risk because costs generally exceed $1 million per well. In addition, the cost of exploration varies widely from one location to another. Integrated field studies will test and apply various exploration technologies at two types of field sites. One field site will be associated with a known, but relatively undeveloped, geothermal resource, specifically selected to give the technologies a reasonable chance of success. The field study will develop a conceptual resource model of the site and propose well locations for confirmation. The second proposed field test will be directed at exploring for a “hidden” geothermal resource; that is, a resource with no apparent surface manifestation. The Federal geothermal program also participates in a cooperative DOE/industry effort to find and evaluate additional geothermal resources throughout the western United States. The objective is to locate new geothermal resources and thereby increase the amount of proven geothermal resources that can be used for power generation in the United States. The technical challenge is to find and verify geothermal resources in previously unexplored areas. This is accomplished through cost-shared activities wherein industry has the responsibility to develop plans for exploration, drilling, and flow testing. The primary approach is through the IEA Geothermal R&T Annual Report 2004.doc 132PDF Image | Geothermal Energy Annual Report 2004
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